John T. Moore - Biochemistry For Dummies

Biochemistry For Dummies®, 3rd Edition

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2021951050

ISBN 978-1-119-86095-2 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-119-86096-9 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-119-86097-6 (ebk)

1 Cover

2 Title Page

3 Copyright

4 Introduction About This Book Foolish Assumptions Icons Used in This Book Beyond the Book Where to Go from Here

5 Part 1: Setting the Stage: Basic Biochemistry Concepts Chapter 1: Biochemistry: What You Need to Know and Why Why Biochemistry? What Is Biochemistry and Where Does It Take Place? Types of Living Cells Animal Cells and How They Work A Brief Look at Plant Cells Chapter 2: Seems So Basic: Water Chemistry and pH The Fundamentals of H 2O Hydrogen Ion Concentration: Acids and Bases Buffers and pH Control Chapter 3: Fun with Carbon: Organic Chemistry The Role of Carbon in the Study of Life It’s All in the Numbers: Carbon Bonds When Forces Attract: Bond Strengths Getting a Reaction out of a Molecule: Functional Groups Same Content, Different Structure: Isomerism

6 Part 2: The Meat of Biochemistry: Proteins Chapter 4: Amino Acids: The Building Blocks of Protein General Properties of Amino Acids The Magic 20 Amino Acids Lest We Forget: Rarer Amino Acids Rudiments of Amino Acid Interactions Combining Amino Acids: How It Works Chapter 5: Protein Structure and Function Proteins: Not Just for Dinner Primary Structure: The Structure Level All Proteins Have Secondary Structure: A Structure Level Most Proteins Have Tertiary Structure: A Structure Level Many Proteins Have Quaternary Structure: A Structure Level Some Proteins Have Dissecting a Protein for Study Chapter 6: Enzyme Kinetics: Getting There Faster Enzyme Classification: The Best Catalyst for the Job Enzymes as Catalysts: When Fast Is Not Fast Enough All about Kinetics Measuring Enzyme Behavior: The Michaelis-Menten Equation Enzyme Inhibition: Slowing It Down Enzyme Regulation

7 Part 3: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and More, Oh My! Chapter 7: What We Crave: Carbohydrates Properties of Carbohydrates A Sweet Topic: Monosaccharides Sugars Joining Hands: Oligosaccharides The Aldose Family of Sugars Chapter 8: Lipids and Membranes Lovely Lipids: An Overview A Fatty Subject: Triglycerides No Simpletons Here: Complex Lipids Membranes: The Bipolar and the Bilayer Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, and Leukotrienes: Mopping Up Chapter 9: Nucleic Acids and the Code of Life Nucleotides: The Guts of DNA and RNA Tracing the Process: From Nucleoside to Nucleotide to Nucleic Acid A Primer on Nucleic Acids Chapter 10: Vitamins: Both Simple and Complex More than One-a-Day: Basics of Vitamins To B or Not to B: B Complex Vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Chapter 11: Hormones: The Body’s Messengers Structures of Some Key Hormones Now and Later: Prohormones Fight or Flight: Hormone Function

8 Part 4: Bioenergetics and Pathways Chapter 12: Life and Energy ATP: The Energy Pony Express It’s Relative: Molecules Related to ATP Where It All Comes From Chapter 13: ATP: The Body’s Monetary System Metabolism I: Glycolysis Metabolism II: Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation Investing in the Future: Biosynthesis Chapter 14: Smelly Biochemistry: Nitrogen in Biological Systems Ring in the Nitrogen: Purine Pyrimidine Synthesis Back to the Beginning: Catabolism Process of Elimination: The Urea Cycle Amino Acids Once Again Metabolic Disorders

9 Part 5: Genetics: Why We Are What We Are Chapter 15: Photocopying DNA Let’s Do It Again: Replication Mendel Rolling Over: Recombinant DNA Patterns: Determining DNA Sequences Genetic Diseases and Other DNA Testing Applications Chapter 16: Transcribe This! RNA Transcription Types of RNA RNA Polymerase Requirements Making RNA: The Basics Not a Secret Any Longer: The Genetic Code Models of Gene Regulation Chapter 17: Translation: Protein Synthesis Hopefully Not Lost in Translation The Translation Team Hooking Up: Protein Synthesis Variation in Eukaryotic Cells

10 Part 6: The Part of Tens Chapter 18: Ten Great Applications of Biochemistry Ames Test Pregnancy Testing HIV Testing Breast Cancer Testing Prenatal Genetic Testing PKU Screening Genetically Modified Foods Genetic Engineering Cloning Gene-Replacement Therapy Chapter 19: Ten Biochemistry Careers Research Assistant Nanotechnologist Quality Control Analyst Clinical Research Associate Technical Writer Biochemical Development Engineer Forensic Scientist Patent Attorney Pharmaceutical Sales Representative Biostatistician