Richard J. Rossi - Applied Biostatistics for the Health Sciences

62 2.62 According to the National Health Statistics Report Number 122, December 20, 2018 (Fryar, 2018), the estimated mean height of an adult male in the United States is 69 inches and the mean height of an adult female in the United States is 63.6 inches. Suppose the standard deviation of the heights of adult males in the US is σm=3.5 and the adult females in the US is σf=2.5. Determinethe z score associated with an adult male in the US who is 74 inches tall.the z score associated with an adult female in the US who is 70 inches tall.the probability that an adult male in the US is taller than 74 inches. Assume the weights are normally distributed.whether the 74 inch male or the 70 inch female is farther above the mean of their respective population.

63 2.63In which study designs can therelative risk be computed?odds ratio be computed

64 2.64 In a prospective study on melanoma and the risk factor fair complexion, the probability that an individual will have a melanoma in their life given they have a fair complexion is 0.12, and the probability that an individual will have a melanoma in their life given they do not have a fair complexion is 0.05.Compute the relative risk of developing a melanoma for the risk factor fair complexion.Interpret the relative risk.Compute the odds ratio for developing a melanoma for the risk factor fair complexion.Interpret the odds ratio.

65 2.65In a prospective study on gum disease, group of 50 subjects will receive an oral wash treatment and a control group of 50 subjects will receive a placebo wash. Suppose four subjects in the treatment group developed gum disease and 16 in the control group developed gum disease.Determine the relative risk of developing gum disease for an individual who receives the treatment.Interpret the relative risk.

66 2.66In a retrospective study of the health problems associated with smoking, a researcher is interested in the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and the risk factor smokes. Use the probabilities in Table 2.66 to answer the following questions.COPDRisk FactorYesNoSmokes0.140.86Does not Smoke0.040.96Compute the odds of having COPD for smokers.Compute the odds of having COPD for non-smokers.Compute the odds ratio for COPD and the risk factor smokes.Interpret the odds ratio.Why is it inappropriate to compute the relative risk in this study?

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