Interventional Cardiology

46 Chapter 52Figure 52.1 (a) Watchman device. (b) Amplatzer Cardiac Plug. (c) Amulet devi...Figure 52.2 (a) LAA measurements in the standard transesophageal echocardiog...Figure 52.3 (a) LAA angiography. The access sheath shows the markers corresp...Figure 52.4 Watchman access and delivery sheaths.

47 Chapter 53Figure 53.1 The RoPE (Risk of Paradoxical Embolism) score is used to calcula...Figure 53.2 Atrial septum defect (ASD) rims. Atrial septum as viewed from th...Figure 53.3 Comparison of devices available for atrial septal defect (ASD) a...Figure 53.4 Intracardiac echocardiogram and corresponding fluoroscopic image...Figure 53.5 ASD closure with a Gore® Cardioform Septal Occluder. (a) TEE sho...Figure 53.6 ASD closure with a 37mm Gore® Cardioform ASD Occluder. (a) TEE s...

48 Chapter 54Figure 54.1 Transcatheter aortic paravalvular leak closure. A: Top left: LV ...Figure 54.2 Transcatheter closure of paravalvular leak on a bioprosthetic mi...Figure 54.3 Transcatheter closure of traumatic VSD. Patient is a 23 year old...

49 Chapter 55Figure 55.1 Valvuloplasty balloon sizes and corresponding crosssectional are...

50 Chapter 56Figure 56.1 Transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement using a ball...Figure 56.2 Transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement using a ballo...

51 Chapter 57Figure 57.1 (a) EnVeo PRO delivery system. (b) Evolut PRO+: composed of self...Figure 57.2 Boston Scientific ACURATE neo valve: self‐expanding nitinol devi...Figure 57.3 Portico valve with bovine pericardial tissue mounted on a self‐e...Figure 57.4 JenaValve prosthesis (JenaValve Technology, Inc, Irvine, CA, USA...Figure 57.5 Cerebral embolic protection devices under investigation for use ...

52 Chapter 58Figure 58.1 Evaluation of coronary obstruction risk for valve‐in‐valve (VIV)...Figure 58.2 Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with Bioprosthetic...Figure 58.3 Evaluation of the risk for left ventricular outflow track obstru...Figure 58.4 Reverse LAMPOON technique. A transeptal puncture is performed, a...Figure 58.5 Retrograde LAMPOON technique in a patient undergoing transcathet...

53 Chapter 59Figure 59.1 Management of transcatheter valve embolization complicated by ao...Figure 59.2 Performing coronary protection with the ‘chimney’ technique in a...

54 Chapter 60Figure 60.1 Differential diagnosis for post‐TAVR hypotension.CVP, central ...

55 Chapter 61Figure 61.1 Sapien 3 Ultra TMTHV System. (a) Sapien 3 Ultra TMbioprosthesis,...Figure 61.2 Evolut PRO TMTHV system. (a) Evolut PRO TMbioprosthesis with ext...Figure 61.3 Acurate neo TMTHV and the expandable, iSleeve sheath.Figure 61.4 Large open‐cells, self‐expandable Portico TMTHV with bovine peri...Figure 61.5 Allegra TMTHV, a self‐expandable nitinol frame, with bovine peri...

56 Chapter 62Figure 62.1 Carpentier’s functional classification.Figure 62.2 Segmental valve analysis.Figure 62.3 (a) Barlow’s disease. (b) Fibroelastic deficiency.Figure 62.4 Principles of reconstructive surgery.Figure 62.5 Posterior leaflet quadrangular resection with annular plication....Figure 62.6 Ring selection based on sizing of the mitral valve: (i) measure ...Figure 62.7 Reoperation according to leaflet prolapse.

57 Chapter 63Figure 63.1 Different shapes of dilator and sheaths used for transseptal cat...Figure 63.2 Different types of transseptal puncture needle.Figure 63.3 (a) The needle: proximal tip with an arrow and a tap; distal tip...Figure 63.4 Positioning of the needle. (a) The catheter and the needle are m...Figure 63.5 (a) Different TEE views with ideal site of puncture site for dif...Figure 63.6 Anatomical landmarks fused with fluoroscopic image in left anter...Figure 63.7 Fluoroscopic confimation in different views Transseptal puncture...Figure 63.8 Cardiac tamponade and common sites of injury.Figure 63.9 Presence of thrombus in left atrium (a) and right atrium (b) see...

58 Chapter 64.1Figure 64.1.1 The MitraClip System. (a) The MitraClip System components: Ste...Figure 64.1.2 Mitraclip 4G. Available sizes.

59 Chapter 64.2Figure 64.2.1 Preoperative MDCT in Prediction of LVOTO Risk. (a) Severe, hor...Figure 64.2.2 Imaging‐based guidance of TMVR with the Medtronic intrepid sys...

60 Chapter 65Figure 65.1 (a) Transthoracic 2D; and (b) 3D echocardiogram showing thickene...Figure 65.2 Fluroscopic landmarks for septal puncture. (a) An imaginary hori...Figure 65.3 Salient steps of balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV). (a) Pigtail...Figure 65.5 The images depict simultaneous tracings of pulmonary capillary w...Figure 65.4 Distorted shape of Inoue balloon inside left ventricle showing i...Figure 65.6 Classification of left atrial clot.Figure 65.7 Over‐the‐wire technique described by Manjunath et al . [22]. Cine...Figure 65.8 Transthoracic echocardiography showing post BMV anterior mitral ...

61 Chapter 66Figure 66.1 Different approaches to interventional tricuspid valve repair or...Figure 66.2 Transcatheter tricuspid valve repair using the edge‐to‐edge meth...Figure 66.3 Prognostic implications of transcatheter tricuspid valve interve...Figure 66.4 Transcatheter treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation in a p...Figure 66.5 Compassionate treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation using ...Figure 66.6 Patient selection for transcatheter techniques according to anat...

62 Chapter 67Figure 67.1 KM curves demonstrating freedom from events following: (a)...Figure 67.2 Images of various valve systems approved or undergoing clinical ...Figure 67.3 Perimeter plots generated from cardiac CT demonstrating a case a...

63 Chapter 68Figure 68.1 Two‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic views demonstr...Figure 68.2 Two‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic views demonstr...Figure 68.3 With three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic imaging...Figure 68.4 Two‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic view of a ball...Figure 68.5 Two‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic view of a valv...Figure 68.6 Two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic view demonstrati...Figure 68.7 Two‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic view demonstra...Figure 68.8 The left panel demonstrates severe paravalvular regurgitation vi...Figure 68.9 Deployment of two vascular plugs for correction of paravalvular ...Figure 68.10 Three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic imaging of ...Figure 68.11 Two‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic imaging of a ...Figure 68.12 Biplane echocardiographic images without (left panel) and with ...Figure 68.13 Three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic “surgeon’s ...Figure 68.14 Three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic view of the...Figure 68.15 Two‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic grasping view...Figure 68.16 Double orifice seen at the conclusion of the procedure. The cli...

64 Chapter 70Figure 70.1 Hemodynamic congestion as evidenced by elevated filling pressure...Figure 70.2 The CardioMems HF System.Figure 70.3 LAP monitoring systems. (a) HeartPOD system. (b) V‐LAP system. (...

65 Chapter 71Figure 71.1 Angiography demonstrating an acute thromboembolic occlusion (whi...Figure 71.2 The superior branch of the right middle cerebral artery is wired...Figure 71.3 The wire has been removed and a small amount of contrast is inje...Figure 71.4 The Solitaire stent retriever (Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) has b...Figure 71.5 The balloon of the balloon tipped guide catheter has been inflat...Figure 71.6 The captured thromboembolic material can be seen entrapped in th...Figure 71.7 The stent retriever has been removed and angiography now demonst...

66 Chapter 72Figure 72.1 Show here are representative images from a case performed at our...

67 Chapter 74Figure 74.1 Classification Systems for Aortic Dissection: DeBakey and Stanfo...Figure 74.2 Treatment of Acute Type B Dissection with TEVAR: Initial aortogr...Figure 74.3 Blunt Thoracic Aorta Injury Grading Scale: Grade I (Intimal Tear...Figure 74.4 Case Study – Grade III BTAI: CTA (sagittal view) showing Grade I...