Interventional Cardiology

17 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 Schematic representation of common insertion sites of proximal a...

18 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 (a) Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images demonstrating good...Figure 20.2 (a) A FFR wire advanced beyond two sequential lesions (1 and 2) ...Figure 20.3 (a) 90° angulation in the vessel has set up a condition for wire...Figure 20.4 (a) Representation of a tortuous vessel. (b) After wiring of the...Figure 20.5 (a) A severely tortuous right coronary artery with severe lesion...

19 Chapter 21Figure 21.1 Morphologic pattern of restenosis across different stent generat...Figure 21.2 Algorithm for the treatment of drug‐eluting stent (DES) restenos...

20 Chapter 22Figure 22.1 Left Ventricular Support During High Risk PCI: LVEF and Lesion C...Figure 22.2 Cardiosense intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) console. (Device: C...Figure 22.3 Portable veno‐arterial extra‐corporeal membrane support with oxy...

21 Chapter 23Figure 23.1 Rotablator system with burrs, console, Rotalink system. (a) A si...Figure 23.2 RotaPRO™ system highlighting the power on/off button on the adva...Figure 23.3 RotaPRO™ Display Console: (a) digital display console includes t...Figure 23.4 Excimer coronary laser atherectomy (ECLA). (a) Mechanism of acti...Figure 23.5 Diamondback 360 oOrbital Atherectomy System (OAS): (a) The OAS c...Figure 23.6 (a) Coronary Intravascular Lithoplasty (CIL) Balloon (Shockwave ...

22 Chapter 24Figure 24.1 Two examples of stent thrombosis. Panels a1, b1 show the variabl...Figure 24.2 The preparation of a thrombus aspiration catheter (Export Advanc...Figure 24.3 Keeping aspiration maintaining negative pressure in the Luer loc...Figure 24.4 Summary of the main technical characteristics of the manual thro...Figure 24.5 Ectatic coronary segments represent an anatomic scenario in whic...Figure 24.6 Case study.

23 Chapter 26Figure 26.1 Distal edge dissection by angiography and OCT. Left anterior des...Figure 26.2 Scaffold edge coronary hematoma with true “ a” and false “ b” lume...Figure 26.3 An example of type V perforation caused by a distal migration of...Figure 26.4 Type III cavity spilling (or type IV) LAD perforation to the rig...Figure 26.5 LAD and Dg PCI bifurcation with provisional technique. There was...Figure 26.6 (a) After right posterior descending artery recanalization with ...

24 Chapter 27Figure 27.1 Arterial perforation related to vascular access (a) Because of h...Figure 27.2 Relative benefit of VCD compared to manual compression. The rela...Figure 27.4 Acute common femoral artery closure related to VCD. (a) Because ...Figure 27.5 Classification of hematomas associated with percutaneous procedu...Figure 27.3 MANTA concept. A bovine collagen pad in gray seals the arterioto...

25 Chapter 28Figure 28.1 Pathophysiology of contrast associated‐acute kidney injury.Figure 28.2 Phases of Acute Kidney Injury. This figure illustrates progressi...Figure 28.3 Strategies to limit the volume of contrast media during coronary...

26 Chapter 29Figure 29.1 Radiologic dose is the concentration of energy received by a sma...Figure 29.2 Block diagram of an interventional fluoroscope showing key compo...Figure 29.3 Dry desquamation (poikiloderma) at 1 month in a patient receivin...Figure 29.4 Poor practice:an example of unnecessary irradiation of an opera...

27 Chapter 30Figure 30.1 Two key approaches towards cardiac regeneration: Inducing the pr...Figure 30.2 Cyclin A2 gene delivery induces cardiac regeneration in adult po...Figure 30.3 Cell‐based and cell‐free approach for cardiac regeneration: In c...Figure 30.4 Schema depicting the projected allogeneic therapeutic potential ...

28 Chapter 31Figure 31.1 Xience stent platform.The Xience V/Multi‐Link Vision has an open...Figure 31.2 Promus Element stent. Image provided courtesy of Boston Scientif...Figure 31.3 Promus Premier stent. Image provided courtesy of Boston Scientif...Figure 31.4 Chemical structure of PMBA and PVDF‐HFP. (a) Chemical structure ...

29 Chapter 32Figure 32.1 Longitudinal Stent Deformation Angiography. (a) proximal LSD of ...Figure 32.2 SYNERGY stent de s ign. SYNERGY incorporates multiple key design e...Figure 32.3 Evermine 50 EES thinnest (50 µm) strut platform.

30 Chapter 33Figure 33.1 Continuous sinusoid technology. The sinusoid‐formed wire is heli...Figure 33.2 Key features of Resolute Onyx stent. Zotarolimus is released fro...Figure 33.3 Zotarolimus release kinetics of ZES. The Endeavor Resolute, Reso...

31 Chapter 34Figure 34.1 Chemical structure of Biolimus. The replacement of hydrogen by a...Figure 34.2 Mechanism of action of Biolimus. The cytostatic effect (arrest o...Figure 34.3 The main components of the Biosensor International Biolimus‐elut...

32 Chapter 35Figure 35.1 Metabolism of poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA). Hydrolysis of PLLA resu...Figure 35.2 Resorption rates of metal scaffolds. Drug release occurs within ...Figure 35.3 Angiography and OCT imaging at baseline and follow‐up with the s...Figure 35.4 PK Papyrus, covered single stent design.

33 Chapter 36Figure 36.1 Abluminus DES+ system: an overview of the CoCr alloys L605, ablu...Figure 36.2 An overview of The DynamXTM Bioadaptor particularities, composed...

34 Chapter 37Figure 37.1 Late phase of a normal coronary arteriogram in two plans. Note t...Figure 37.2 The hypothesis of “embryonic recall.” Note the analogy of pressu...Figure 37.3 Timetable of a typical PICSO study in a patient. Note that the t...Figure 37.4 PICSO catheter in place in a patient undergoing PCI and PICSO (s...

35 Chapter 38Figure 38.1 Platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation. The interaction ...Figure 38.2 The platelet activation pathways and the coagulation cascade. Ma...Figure 38.3 Established and new anticoagulants classified according to the t...

36 Chapter 40Figure 40.1 Schematic depiction of the anti‐IIa and anti‐Xa activities of un...

37 Chapter 43Figure 43.1 Proposed strategies for tailoring antithrombotic therapy accordi...

38 Chapter 44Figure 44.1 Secondary Prevention in Patients with Clinical ASCVD [9].Figure 44.2 Definition of Major ASCVD Events Very High‐Risk of Future ASCVD ...Figure 44.3 Impact of Selected Healthcare and Lifestyle Interventions on Mor...

39 Chapter 45Figure 45.1 Central role of ADP‐P2Y 12interaction in platelet aggregation an...

40 Chapter 46Figure 46.1 During PCI, at the site of vascular injury, exposure of the sube...Figure 46.2 Measurement and mechanism of action of P2Y 12inhibitors.

41 Chapter 47Figure 47.1 Swan‐Ganz catheter with inflated balloon at the distal tip.Figure 47.3 Normal hemodynamics.Figure 47.2 Swan‐Ganz catheter in (a) RA. (b) RV, (c) PA, and (d) PCPW posit...

42 Chapter 48Figure 48.1 Surgical embolectomy. The patient presented with massive pulmona...Figure 48.2 (a) Rotatable pigtail catheter. (b) EkoSonic Endovascular System...Figure 48.3 Catheter‐based therapy for a patient with submassive PE. (a) Sad...Figure 48.4 The AngioVac System. Unwanted intravascular material is aspirate...

43 Chapter 49Figure 49.1 The distribution and density of renal nerves in the proximal (a)...Figure 49.2 Magnetic resonance angiography of the renal arteries. Polar arte...

44 Chapter 50Figure 50.1 30‐day events following TAVR according to surgical risk.Figure 50.2 Risk of thrombotic and bleeding events according to time after t...Figure 50.3 Possible antithrombotic management strategies following TAVR.

45 Chapter 51Figure 51.1 Hemodynamic monitoring with a resting peak‐to‐peak gradient (lef...Figure 51.2 Angiography of the left coronary artery (a). Right anterior obli...Figure 51.3 Pre‐shaping the 0.014‐inch guidewire with two angles through a b...Figure 51.4 (a) Apical four‐chamber echocardiogram showing the hypertrophied...