Svetlana Flemming - Colloquial Russian - The Next Step in Language Learning

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1) A,B,G.V. 2) B,G,A,V. 3) V,B,A,G. 4) G,V,A,B.

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Uka'ite predlo'enie s punktuacionnoj owibkoj.

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2. V kakom slove udarenie na 2-m sloge?

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1) Obleghit;. 2) Prinql. 3) Peredannyj. 4) Baluetsq

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Education

Present passive participle

As with the participles discussed in earlier units, the present passive participle is a verbal adjective.

How to form present passive participles

Add -yj to the first person plural (my form) of the present tense of the verb: poluha´t; – poluhaém – poluhaémyj ‘(being) received’.

Nesti´ and vesti´ change the -e¨- in the first person plural ending to -o- in the participle: nesti´ – nese¨m – neso´myj ‘carried’. Verbs ending in -avat; take the ending -avaemyj: dava´t; – dae¨m –

davaémyj ‘(being) given’.

This participle is generally only formed from transitive verbs (i.e. those taking a direct object). However, there are a small number of verbs which govern the instrumental case which have present passive participles: rukovodi´t; – rukovodi´myj ‘led, directed’; upravlq´t; – upravlqémyj ‘managed’ ; komańdovat; –

komańduemyj ‘commanded’.

A considerable number of verbs do not have a present passive participle. These include:

– many monosyllabic verbs, e.g. bit; , brat; , est; , znat; , klast; , lit; , myt; , pet; , pit; ;

– irregular first conjugation verbs, e.g. pisa´t; , prq´tat; ;

– many second conjugation verbs: goto´vit; , der'a´t; , plati´t; , smotre´t; , sta´vit; , stroít; .

The problem of there being no present passive participle can frequently be overcome by forming the participle from a compound of the verb: plati´t; – opla´hivat; – opla´hivaemyj ‘being paid for’.

Exercise 3

Form present passive participles from the following verbs.

poluha´t;, privleka´t;, sozdava´t;, l[bi´t;, uva'a´t;, vnosi´t;, osu]estvlq´t;, opla´hivat;, vvozi´t;, predlaga´t;, provodi´t;, izuha´t;, finansiŕovat;, ispoĺ;zovat;

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How to use present passive participles

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They decline like adjectives and agree in number, gender and case 3

with the noun they describe:

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Zarpla´ty, poluhaémoj rossi´jskim uhi´telem, haśto ne 6

xvataét da´'e na pi´]u.

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The wages received by a Russian teacher are often not enough 8111

even for food.

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Several present passive participles are now frequently used as adjec-10

tives:

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l[bi´myj

favourite

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tak nazyvaémyj

so-called

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uva'aémyj

respected, dear

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Some adjectives (usually negative) are formed like present passive 6

participles, but from the perfective verb:

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nesovmesti´myj

incompatible

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nepovtori´myj

unique

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nerazlihi´myj

indistinguishable

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nedopusti´myj

not permissible

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nesravni´myj

incomparable

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nezaviśimyj

independent

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(formed from the imperfective)

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Edińyj test nesovmesti´m s 'e¨stkim otboŕom.

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A single test is incompatible with rigorous selection.

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Note the use of the short form. Present passive participles themselves 9

are rarely found in the short form.

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Some present passive participles are used as nouns: obvinqémyj 1

‘the defendant’; slagaémoe ‘item, component’.

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Exercise 4

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Replace the infinitives in brackets by the appropriate forms of the 7

present passive participle.

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1 V 1985 goduńahalsqńo´vyj periód sove´tskoj istoŕii (nazyva´t;) 9

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perestro´jkoj. 2 Ka´fedru ruśskogo qzyka´, (vozglavlq´t;) izveśtnym 1