Svetlana Flemming - Colloquial Russian - The Next Step in Language Learning

3

aktivnosti

rabota, stipendiq, pensiq, posobie,

4

zanqtye, bezrabotnye, studenty,

sbere'eniq, doxod ot sdahi v naem

5

pensionery, vedu]ie domawnee

imu]estva i t.d.

6

xozqjstvo

..............................................................................

7

.....................................................................

..............................................................................

8

9

40

1

N.B. pol – sex; poso´bie – benefit; isto´hniki sre´dstv k 'iźni – sources of 421111

income; sbere'eńiq – savings; sda´ha v nae¨m imu´]estva – renting of property

178

|

Demography

Some other roots that appear in this unit

Words with the root mu' ‘man, male’

Nouns: mu' ‘husband’; mu'hińa ‘man’; mu'i´k ‘peasant’ mu´'estvo

‘courage’.

Adjectives: mu'sko´j ‘men’s, male, masculine’; mu´'estvennyj

‘courageous’.

Verbs: mu'a´t; ‘mature’; mu'a´t;sq ‘take heart’.

Combined with za-: ‘acquisition’: za´mu'em ‘married’ (of a woman); vy

´ jti za´mu' za + acc. ‘to marry’ (of a woman); zamu´'nqq ‘married woman’.

Words with the root 'en-

Nouns: 'ena´ ‘wife’; 'eń]ina ‘woman’; 'eni´x ‘bridegroom, fiancé’; 'eni´t;ba ‘marriage’.

Adjectives: 'eńskij ‘women’s, female’; 'eństvennyj ‘feminine’;

'ena´tyj ‘married’ (of a man).

Verbs: 'eni´t; ‘to marry (off)’; 'eni´t;sq na + prep. ‘to marry’ (of a man), ‘to get married’ (of a couple).

Combined with other roots: 'enonenaviśtnik ‘misogynist’

(neńavist; – ‘hatred’); 'enopodo´bnyj ‘effeminate’ (podo´bnyj

‘like’).

Words with the root -mert- ‘death’

Nouns: smert; ‘death’; smeŕtnyj ‘mortal’; smeŕtnost; ‘mortality’.

Adjectives: me¨rtvyj ‘dead’; smerteĺ;nyj ‘mortal, fatal’.

Verbs: umere´t; ‘to die’.

Words with the root brak ‘marriage’

(note where k changes to h)

Nouns: brak ‘marriage, married state’; brakosohetańie ‘marriage service’.

Adjective: bra´hnyj ‘marriage, conjugal’.

Demografiq

|

179

1111

2

Exercise 13

3

4

Choose the right phrase or word to fill the gap in the following 5

sentences.

6

('eni´t;sq(po-), vy

´ jti za´mu', 'ena´tyj, zamu´'nqq, brak)

7

8111

1 V pro´wlom goduón . . . na znako´moj studeńtke. 2 Ona´ . . . za 9

no´vogo ruśskogo. 3 Nakoneć, oniŕewiĺi . . . 4 Govorq´t, hto . . .

10

mu'hińy 'ivu´t doĺ;we. 5 U . . . 'eń]in, po-pre´'nemu, maĺo 1

vre´meni na o´tdyx. 6 V Rossií sejhaś o´hen; populqŕny . . . s 2

inostrańcami.

3

4

5

Exercise 14

6

7

Translate into Russian.

8

9

1 The demographic situation in Russia is very serious: the birth rate 20111

is in decline and life expectancy is falling.

1

2 In many European countries the number of women is higher than 2

the number of men. That can be explained by the fact that female 3

life expectancy is several years greater than male.

4

3 According to the census conducted in the year 2001 the popula-5

tion of Britain constituted 70 million people.

6

4 In the opinion of demographers a high birthrate is characteristic 7

of developing countries. In developed countries the situation is 8

the opposite.

9

5 In order to stop the decline in population Russia needs a demo-30

graphic policy.

1

6 Smoking and drinking are the main reasons why Russian men 2

have such a low life expectancy.

3

7 We all should lead a healthy way of life. First of all, we should 4

give up smoking and drinking.

5