Svetlana Flemming - Colloquial Russian - The Next Step in Language Learning

6

Participles decline like adjectives and agree in number, gender and 7

case with the noun they describe:

8

Onaótkazaĺas; ot meśta, predlo´'ennogo ej vhera´.

9

She rejected the position offered to her yesterday.

40

1

Onińu'ny

´ ka´'doj kompańii, zańqtoj proda´'ami.

421111

They are needed by every company engaged in sales.

158

|

The labour market

Past passive participle and the passive voice

A short version of the participle can be used to form the passive. It has only one -n- and endings like a short adjective: Meśto by

ĺo predlo´'eno ej vhera´.

The position was offered to her yesterday.

Ona´ byla´ prińqta na rabo´tu.

She was accepted for the job.

Kontra´kt bu´det podpiśan za´vtra.

The contract will be signed tomorrow.

Note how the stress moves to the end in participles ending in

-e¨nnyj:

Marińa ne bu´det priglawenańa interv;[

´ .

Marina will not be invited to the interview.

Note also that the instrumental case is used to express the agent by whom or by what an action is performed:

P;eśa byla´ posta´vlena ruśskim re' isse¨rom.

The play was produced by a Russian director.

Zemletrqseńiem by

ĺo razru´weno mno´go zdańij.

Many buildings were destroyed by the earthquake.

Exercise 9

Form the past passive participle of the verb in brackets. Do not forget to use the perfective verb.

1 Fiŕma (zanima´t; / zanq´t;) izgotovleńiem komp;[´terov.

2 Predpohteńie byĺo (otdava´t; / otda´t;) specialiśtu s o´pytom.

3 Pośle interv;[óna´ byla´ (priglawa´t; / priglasi´t;) na rabo´tu.

4 Esli ispyta´tel;nyj srok bu´det (proxodi´t; / projti´), vam budet (predlaga´t; / predlo'i´t;) postoqńnaq rabo´ta. 5 Kontra´kt bu´det (podpiśyvat; / podpisa´t;) v sre´du. 6

Dlq negośpeciaĺ;no

(naxodi´t; / najti´) meśto v fiŕme. 7 Byĺi (pokupa´t; / kupi´t;) vse gaze´ty i 'urnaĺy na ruśskom qzyke´. 8 Byĺo (rewa´t; / rewi´t;) predlo'i´t; emuŕabo´tu. 9 V xarakteriśtike byĺo (otmeha´t; /

otme´tit;)

eeümenie rabo´tat; v komańde. 10 Bile´ty byĺi

(priobreta´t; / priobresti´) v kaśse a\ropoŕta. 11 Na festivaĺe bu´dut (pokaźyvat; / pokaza´t;) lu´hwie fiĺ;my go´da.

Rynok truda

|

159

1111

In some examples participles are used just like adjectives: 2

obrazo´vannaq 'eń]ina

educated woman

3

zaslu´'ennyj artiśt

renowned actor

4

5

diplomiŕovannyj specialiśt

a qualified specialist

6

diplomiŕovat;

to award a diploma

7

opredele¨nnyj otve´t

definite answer

8111

xorowo´ podve´wennyj qzy

´ k

a smooth tongue

9

10

Note in the text:

1

wańsy byt; prińqtymi

2

the chances of being accepted

3

4

(prinq´t; ‘to accept’ – prińqtyj – past passive participle) 5

Prińqtymi is in the instrumental case after the verb byt; like an 6

adjective, rather than in the short form, which might be expected for 7

a past passive participle.

8

9

Contrast:

20111

Meśto mo´'et byt; na´jdeno

1

a job might be found

2

3

(najti´ ‘to find’ – na´jdennyj – past passive participle) 4

Some past passive participles are used as nouns: dańnye ‘data’; 5

zakl[he¨nnyj ‘a prisoner’.

6

7

8

Exercise 10

9

30

Change the active sentences into the passive using past passive parti-1

ciples with instrumental case.

2

3

1 Universite´t predlo'iĺ ej xoro´wu[ rabo´tu. 2 On rewiĺ 4