Svetlana Flemming - Colloquial Russian - The Next Step in Language Learning

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zada´t; voproś

to ask a question

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zaqvleńie na rabo´tu

application for work

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ispyta´tel;nyj srok

probation

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meńed'er po ka´dram

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(po personaĺu)

personnel manager

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The labour market

otve´tstvennyj

responsible

osvoít; progra´mmu

to master a programme

peremeni´t; rabo´tu

to change job

podpiśyvat; kontra´kt

to sign a contract

pristupi´t; k rabo´te

to start work

realizova´t; sebq´

(svoj potenciaĺ)

to realise one’s potential

soprovo'da´t;

to accompany

spra´vit;sq s tru´dnostqmi

to cope with difficulties

uva'i´tel;naq prihińa

good reason

uhaśtie

participation

N.B. nu hto 'e (nu vot i) – well, well then; vas \´to ustraívaet? (vam \´to podxo´dit) – Does that suit you? menqńe ustraíva[t (mne ne podxo´dqt) uslo´viq – The conditions do not suit me; u nas net preteńzij – We have no complaints; pride¨tsq – (You) will have to; mne prixodiĺos; – I had to Exercise 7

Answer the following questions in Russian.

1 Gde rabo´taet kandida´t v nastoq´]ee vre´mq?

2 Pohemuóna xo´het peremeni´t; rabo´tu?

3 Kakovy´ bu´dut obqźannosti kandida´ta na no´voj rabo´te?

4 Pohemuŕabo´ta perevo´dhika shitaétsq streśsovoj?

Language points ♦

Participles

Past passive participles are normally formed from the perfective verb.

They are the equivalent of English participles ending in -ed (if the verb is regular!). In Russian the ending is -annyj, -ennyj, -e¨nnyj or -tyj. Only transitive verbs (those which can take a direct object) form past passive participles.

How to form past passive participles

Endings in -nnyj

1 Verbs ending in -at;, -qt; replace the -t; by -nnyj: zarabo´tat;

– zarabo´tannyj ‘earned’.

Rynok truda

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2 Second conjugation verbs ending in -it; or -et; and first 2

conjugation verbs ending in -sti, -zti take -ennyj, or 3

-e¨nnyj if the ty form of the future perfective is stressed on the 4

ending: rewi´t; – rewi´w; – rewe¨nnyj ‘decided’; predlo'i´t; 5

– predlo´'iw; – predlo´'ennyj ‘offered’; vvezti´ – vveze¨w; –

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vveze¨nnyj ‘imported’.

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But note: najti – najde¨w; – na´jdennyj ‘found’; projti –

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projde¨w; – pro´jdennyj.

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Where there is a consonant change in the q form of the future 10

perfective this will also occur in the past passive participle: 1

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priglasi´t;

– priglawu´ – priglasi´w; – priglawe¨nnyj

‘invited’.

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Endings in -

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tyj

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A small number of verbs of the first conjugation take the ending 7

-tyj. These include many monosyllabic verbs and their compounds, 8

verbs ending in -ot; , -ut; , -yt; and -eret; : vzqt; – vzq´tyj ‘taken’; 9

prinq´t; – prińqtyj ‘accepted’; zakry

´ t; – zakry´tyj ‘closed’;

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ubi´t; – ubi´tyj ‘killed’; zapere´t; – za´pertyj ‘locked’ (note the 1

loss of -e- in this kind of verb).

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Exercise 8

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Form the past passive participle from the following verbs.

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osnova´t;, pokaza´t;, oplati´t;, kupi´t;, oceni´t;, posta´vit;, 9

ispoĺ;zovat;, predlo'i´t;, osu]estvi´t;, perevesti´, priglasi´t;, 30

podpisa´t;, prigoto´vit;, razvi´t;, prinq´t;, priobresti´, najti´, 1

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vvesti´, zaregistriŕovat;, razrewi´t;, otkry´t;, udovletvori´t;.

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How to use past passive participles

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