Svetlana Flemming - Colloquial Russian - The Next Step in Language Learning

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kebab

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N.B. na bortu´ teploxo´da – on board ship; po voźduxu i po su´we – by air 9

and land; I – inside out; na´hal otplyva´t; – set sail; byt; v 10

vostoŕge – to be delighted; Afanaśij Niki´tin – fifteenth-century Russian 1

merchant adventurer; 'e (emphatic particle) – exactly 2

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Exercise 3

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Answer the following questions in English.

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1 What kind of cruises does the Grigoriy Pirogov offer?

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2 How many decks are there on the ship?

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3 Where is the captain’s cabin?

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4 What can you see from the ship?

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5 What did the walking tour of Tver’ include?

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6 Why did the friends like the little restaurant in Tver’?

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7 How did the cruise end?

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Exercise 4

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True or false?

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1 Lu´hwij spośob puteweśtvovat; po (na 1

poézde, pewko´m, na teploxo´de)?

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2 Teploxo´dy otpravlq´[tsq (s 'eleznodoro´'nogo vokzaĺa, s 3

rehno´go vokzaĺa, iz ceńtra goŕoda)?

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3 Grigoŕij Pirogo´v soverwaét re´jsy (v vyxodnyé dni, vokru´g 5

sve´ta, ka´'dyj den;)?

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4 Hem bli´'e k nośu teploxo´da ka[´ta, tem ona´ (dewe´vle, doro´'e, 7

xu´'e)?

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5 Pejza´'i za borto´m byĺi (sku´hnye, potrqsa´[]ie, neoby´hnye)?

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6 V Tveri´ passa'iŕy posetiĺi (istori´heskij muze´j, kreml;, 40

kartińnu[ galere´[)?

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7 Na stoqńke passa'iŕy (sobiraĺi griby´, 421111

kupaĺis;, peĺi peśni)?

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Tourism

Language points ♦

Verbs of motion

Verbs of motion are essential to any discussion of tourism. The ones we are going to look at first are: eźdit; / e´xat; / poe´xat; ‘to go (by vehicle), travel, ride’; xodi´t; / idti´/ pojti´ ‘to go (on foot), walk’.

Ezdit; / e´xat; and xodi´t; / idti´ are all imperfective verbs. Ezdit; and xodi´t; are ‘multidirectional’ verbs, used for repeated journeys, particularly round trips, such as to work and back:

Udo´bnee eźdit; na rabo´tu na poézde.

It is more convenient to travel to work (and back) by train.

Moj syn xo´dit v wkoĺu.

My son goes to school (i.e. there and back every day).

They are also used for generalisations, where the occasion and direction of the journey is imprecise:

Oby

´ hno turiśty eźdqt na avto´buse.

Usually tourists go by bus.

Or simply the direction is non-specific:

On ceĺu[ noh; xodiĺ po uĺicam.

He walked the streets all night.

Exat; and i´dti are ‘unidirectional’ verbs, used for single journeys in a particular direction:

Sego´dnq q iduńa rabo´tu pewko´m, a domo´j e´du na

avto´buse.

Today I am walking to work but coming home by bus.

Even where a journey is repeated, if a single direction is stressed, e´xat; / idti´ are used:

Ka´'dyj hetveŕg v 10 haso´v ide¨t avto´bus.

The bus goes every Thursday at 10.

Q vsegdaé´du domo´j na taksi´.

I always come home by taxi.

Note that xodi´t; / idti´ are used when trains, buses, boats, trains and other forms of public transport are the subject. Ezdit; / e´xat;

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are used for cars and other smaller vehicles, as well as for the action 2

of passengers on any form of transport.

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Poe´xat; / pojti´ are perfective verbs. They convey the idea of 4

setting off on a journey:

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Q poe´du v 5 haso´v utra´.

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I will go / set off at 5 a.m.

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Lu´hwe poe´xat; rańo.

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It is better to go / set off early.

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They are also used if a completed journey was in one direction only: 1

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Poe´xala tudańa teploxo´de.

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I went there by boat.

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Where a round trip has been made eźdit; / xodi´t; are used: 5

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Q eźdila v Rossi´[ le´tom.

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I went to (and returned from) Russia in the summer.

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Note the use of the perfective past tense in the phrases: 9

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q powe¨l

I’m off

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poe´xali

let’s go

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Figurative use of verbs of motion

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Where verbs of motion are used figuratively, only one of the imper-6

fectives is ever used: do'd; ide¨t ‘it is raining’; delaídu´t xorowo´

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‘things are going well’; ide¨t le´kciq ‘a lecture is taking place’; ide¨t 8