Svetlana Flemming - Colloquial Russian - The Next Step in Language Learning

fil;m ‘a film is on’.

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Exercise 5

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Use the appropriate form of eźdit; / e´xat; / poe´xat; or xodi´t; /

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idti´ / pojti´ to complete the sentence.

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1 Poezdaśmo´gut . . . goraźdo bystreé po vysokoskorostny´m 6

magistraĺqm. 2 Ot Moskvy´ 'eleźnye doro´gi . . . v raźnye koncy´

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strany´. 3 Amerikańskaq turgru´ppa . . . v Sankt Peterbuŕg. Ona´

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bu´det tam tri dnq. 4 Angli´jskaq gru´ppa u'e . . . v Sankt 40

Peterbuŕg. Ona´ vernuĺas; v Moskvu´ vhera´. 5 V kotoŕom hasu´ ty 1

. . . za´vtra u´trom? Q zaka'u´ taksi. 6 V subbo´tu sneg . . . ves; den;.

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Words including the root xod

The word xod means ‘movement’: na xodu´ ‘on the move’; v xo´de

‘in the course of’. By spotting it as the root of other words you may be able to work out their meaning, or, at least, remember them more easily.

Prefixes add to or qualify the meaning of the root. In several of these examples it indicates the direction of the movement: vxod ‘entrance’; vy ´xod ‘exit’; doxo´d ‘income’; rasxo´dy

‘expenses’; perexo´d ‘crossing’; poxo´d ‘hike’.

Suffixes indicate the part of speech:

xodi ´t; ‘to go / walk’; vxodno ´j ‘entrance’ (adj.); poxo´dka ‘gait’; xod;ba ´ ‘walking’ – 10 minu´t xod;by

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‘a ten minute walk’; vyxodno´j den; ‘day off ‘; vyxodnyé dni

‘weekend’.

Xod combined with another root

paroxo´d ‘steamship’ (par ‘steam’); teploxo´d ‘motor ship’

(teplo´ ‘warm’); pewexo´d(nyj) ‘pedestrian’ (pe´wij ‘foot’); sudoxo´dnyj ‘navigable’ (su´dno ‘vessel’).

Turizm

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Exercise 6

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Complete the following phrases using an appropriate form of a word 5

with the root xod.

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. . .

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v metro´; . . . heŕez uĺicu; v . . . peregovoŕov; doro´'nye . . .

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sli´wkom vyso´kie; . . . zońa; . . . bile´t; tur na . . . ; v . . . dni.

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Language points

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♦

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Prefixed verbs of motion

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Key verbs in any discussion of travel are: priez'a´t; / prie´xat; ‘to 6

arrive’ and uez'a´t; / ue´xat; ‘to leave’. The perfective of each pair 7

is a prefixed form of the verb e´xat; ‘to travel, go by vehicle’, which 8

was discussed earlier in the unit. A whole series of verbs exists to 9

describe travel in different directions, formed by adding prefixes to -

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ez'at; / -exat;. Unlike the unprefixed eźdit; / e´xat; / poe´xat;, these 1

prefixed verbs of motion only have one imperfective. They are 2

normally followed by a preposition which reinforces the meaning.

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Note the hard sign -#- between prefixes ending in a consonant and 4

-ez'at; / -exat;.

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Some common examples:

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Imperfective

Perfective

Preposition

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v#ez'a´t;

v#e´xat;

v + acc

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to drive in

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vyez'a´t;

vy

éxat;

iz + gen

to drive out

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doez'a´t;

doe´xat;

do + gen

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to drive as far as

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zaez'a´t;

zae´xat;

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to call (on a person)

k + dat

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to call (at a place)

v or na + acc

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to call for

za + instr

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ob#ez'a´t;

ob#e´xat;

vokru´g + gen or

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to drive round

without a preposition

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ot#ez'a´t;

ot#e´xat;

ot + gen

to drive away from

pereez'a´t;

peree´xat;

herez + acc or without

to cross

a preposition

to move from

iz or s + gen

to move to

v or na + acc

pod#ez'a´t;

pod#e´xat;

k + dat

to drive up

priez'a´t;

prie´xat;