Svetlana Flemming - Colloquial Russian - The Next Step in Language Learning

´ -

terom, 'it; v Moskve´, redaktiŕovat; gaze´tu, izdava´t; 'urnaĺ, rabo´tat; na zavo´de, prepodava´t; angli´jskij qzy´k.

Exercise 6

Choose between the two words (note -ost; generally denotes the state and -enie the action).

Example: prestu´pnost; ‘crime, criminality’

prestupleńie ‘crime, criminal offence’

1 (prestupleńie iĺi prestu´pnost;) Koli´hestvo . . . raste¨t s ka´'dym godom. Kak mo´'no pokońhit; s . . . v sovremeńnom o´b]estve?

2 (zabolevańie iĺi zabolevaémost;) Po mneńi[ miniśtra zdravooxraneńiq, o´b]aq . . . v Rossií, po-pre´'nemu, vyso´kaq.

Poqviĺos; no´voe . . . Internet-zaviśimost;.

3 (pereutomleńie iĺi pereutomlqémost;) Po-moému, u tebq´

tipi´hnoe . . . tebeńa´do otdoxnu´t;. Po-mneńi[ vrahe´j, . . .

sredi´ dete´j raste¨t.

4 (pose]eńie iĺi pose]aémost;) V posle´dnee vre´mq reźko vozrosla´ . . . Interne´t SMI. . . . tea´trov pomo´'et ulu´hwit; vaw ruśskij qzy´k.

5 (razdra'eńie iĺi razdra'i´tel;nost;) Mne ponq´tno tvoe¨

. . . : ved; on opq´t; opozdaĺ. Po-moému, on boĺen, ego´ . . . u'e´

prevosxo´dit vse granićy.

Verbs with prefixes

Prefixes are often added to imperfective verbs to make them perfective: pisa´t; (imperfective) / napisa´t; (perfective). Other prefixes can

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be added which, as well as making verbs perfective, modify their 2

meaning:

3

v- ‘in’

4

5

vpisa´t;

to insert, include

6

7

The imperfective is formed by inserting -yv-:

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vpiśyvat;sq / vpisa´t;sq

to fit in well

9

10

vy- ‘out of’

1

2

vypiśyvat; / vy

´ pisat;

to copy out, extract, prescribe

3

do- ‘finish’

4

5

dopiśyvat; / dopisa´t;

to finish (writing)

6

za- ‘for, begin’

7

8

zapiśyvat; / zapisa´t;

to note

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nad- ‘over, above, super-’

1

nadpiśyvat; / nadpisa´t;

to superscribe, inscribe

2

3

o- ‘about, around’

4

5

opiśyvat; / opisa´t;

to describe (write about)

6

pere- ‘re-, over, across’

7

8

perepiśyvat; / perepisa´t;

to rewrite

9

perepiśyvat;sq

to correspond

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pri- near

2

pripiśyvat; / pripisa´t;

to add

3

4

pod- ‘under, sub-’

5

podpiśyvat; / podpisa´t;

to sign (write under)

6

podpiśyvat;sq /

7

podpisa´t;sq na

to subscribe to (newspapers)

8

9

In the verb rabo´tat; the ‘o’ changes to an ‘a’ when -yv- is inserted: 40

1

zaraba´tyvat; / zarabo´tat;

to earn

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pereraba´tyvat; / pererabo´tat;

to process, rework

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Second conjugation verbs add -iv- rather than -yv-: do- ‘finish, complete’

dostraívat; / dostroít;

to finish building

perestraívat; / perestroít;

to rebuild

pri- ‘near, adjoining’

pristraívat; / pristroít;

to build onto

u- ‘impart a quality, away’

ustraívat; / ustroít;

to organise, arrange (impart