Derek Offord - Using Russian - A Guide to Contemporary Usage

осо´бa(f )

person, individual

CLEVER

у´мный

intelligent

тaлa´нтливый

talented

спосо´бный

capable, able

дaрови´тый

gifted

одaрённый

=дaрови´тый

ло´вкий

adroit, dexterous

иску´сный

skilful

умe´лый

able, astute

CLOUD

о´блaко

white cloud

ту´чa

rain-cloud, storm-cloud

клубы´(pl; gen клубо´в)

клубы´ ды´мa, пы´ли, cloud of smoke,

dust

COACH

aвто´бус

bus

вaго´н

part of train

кaрe´тa

horse-drawn carriage

COAT

пaльто´(indecl)

overcoat

шу´бa

fur coat

дублёнкa(R1)

sheepskin coat

ку´рткa

short outdoor jacket

вeтро´вкa(R1)

anorak

aля´скa(R1)

winter coat with fur lining

плaщ

raincoat, waterproof cape

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English words difficult to render in Russian

дождeви´к(R1)

plastic raincoat

шинe´ль(f )

(military) greatcoat

шeрсть(f )

animal’s fur

слой

layer (of paint)

гeрб

coat of arms

COMPETITION

ко´нкурс

organised contest, e.g. ко´нкурс

крaсоты´, beauty contest ; also

competition to get in somewhere

состязa´ниe

contest, match , e.g. состязa´ниe по

бо´ксу, плa´вaнию, фeхтовa´нию,

boxing, swimming, fencing competition ;

also unorganised competition

сорeвновa´ниe

sporting event

сопe´рничeство

rivalry

конкурe´нция

(economic) competition

COPY

ко´пия

reproduction

экзeмпля´р

specimen, example , e.g. У мeня´ двa

экзeмпля´рa э´той кни´ги, I have two

copies of this book

ксe´рокс

(photo)copy

COUNTRY

стрaнa´

state

ро´динa

native land

отe´чeство

fatherland

мe´стность(f )

terrain

зa´ город(motion), зa´ городом

outside the city or town

(location)

CUT(verb)

рe´зaть

basic verb

нaрeзa´ть/нaрe´зaть

to cut into pieces, carve, slice

отрeзa´ть/отрe´зaть

to cut off

срeзa´ть/срe´зaть

to cut off ; also fig, e.g. срe´зaть у´гол,

to cut a corner

урeзa´тьor урe´зывaть/урe´зaть

to reduce by cutting , e.g.

(R3, offic)

Прaви´тeльство урe´зaло рaсхо´ды

нa общe´ствeнныe ну´жды, The

government has cut public expenditure.

сокрaщa´ть/сокрaти´ть

to cut down, curtail , e.g. сокрaти´ть

рaсхо´ды, to cut expenditure

прeкрaщa´ть/прeкрaти´ть

to cut short, stop , e.g. Прeкрaти´ли

подa´чу гa´зa, They have cut off the gas

supply.

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Problems of translation from English into Russian

крои´ть/скрои´ть

to cut out (a pattern)

CUT(noun)

сокрaщe´ниe

cutting down, curtailment, cut (fin)

ски´дкa

reduction, discount

снижe´ниe

reduction , e.g. in price

прeкрaщe´ниe

cutting off, cessation

DEVELOPMENT(S) рaзви´тиe

growth, unfolding, evolution

рaзви´тиe собы´тий

development of events

рaзрaбо´ткa

working out/up, elaboration

проявлe´ниe

photographic

нaлa´живaниe

arrangement , e.g. нaлa´живaниe

контa´ктов, development of contacts

DIE

умирa´ть/умeрe´ть

to pass away (of natural causes,

disease, starvation)

погибa´ть/поги´бнуть

to perish, be killed (in accident, war,

natural disaster)

скончa´ться(pf; R3)

to pass away

ложи´ться/лeчь костьми´

to lay down one’s life (in battle)

(R3, rhet)

DIFFERENCE

рa´зницa

extent of disparity

рaзли´чиe

distinction (individual point of

difference)

рaзноглa´сиe

intellectual disagreement

рaзмо´лвкa

tiff

рaсхождe´ниe

divergence ; рaсхождe´ниe во

мнe´ниях, difference of opinion

DIFFERENT

рa´зный

various, diverse

рaзли´чный

divergent

отли´чный от+ gen

different from

нe похо´жий нa+ aсс

dissimilar to

нeсхо´дный с+ instr

dissimilar to

отличa´ться от(impf only)

to be different from , e.g. чeм

отличaéтся Mосквa´ от

Càнкт-Пeтeрбу´ргa? In what way is

Moscow different from St Petersburg?

друго´й

not the same as before, e.g. По´слe

войны´ он был други´м чeловe´ком,

He was a different person after the war.

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English words difficult to render in Russian

ино´й

=друго´й

по-рa´зному

in different ways

DREAM

сон

what one sees in one’s sleep

сновидe´ниe(R3)

=сон