Paul Tough - How Children Succeed

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How Children Succeed: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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Why do some children succeed while others fail? The story we usually tell about childhood and success is the one about intelligence: success comes to those who score highest on tests, from preschool admissions to SATs.
But in
, Paul Tough argues that the qualities that matter most have more to do with character: skills like perseverance, curiosity, conscientiousness, optimism, and self-control.
How Children Succeed Early adversity, scientists have come to understand, can not only affect the conditions of children’s lives, it can alter the physical development of their brains as well. But now educators and doctors around the country are using that knowledge to develop innovative interventions that allow children to overcome the constraints of poverty. And with the help of these new strategies, as Tough’s extraordinary reporting makes clear, children who grow up in the most painful circumstances can go on to achieve amazing things.
This provocative and profoundly hopeful book has the potential to change how we raise our children, how we run our schools, and how we construct our social safety net. It will not only inspire and engage readers, it will also change our understanding of childhood itself.

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conscientiousness. See also self-control

consciousness

Consortium on Chicago Schools Research

Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center in Chicago

cortisol levels. See also stress-response system

counseling

Cowley, Michelle

CPA (character point average)

cross-fostering studies

Crossing the Finish Line (Bowen, Chingos, & McPherson)

Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly

Daley, Richard (Chicago mayor)

Danson, Ted

Dark Knights of Harlem

decision making

Deep Blue

de Groot, Adriaan,

delayed gratification. See also self-control

depression

The Development of the Person (Egeland and Sroufe)

discipline, and middle school students

DNA-related effects, and parenting behaviors

Dowling, Jane Martinez

Dozier, Elizabeth

Keitha Jones and,

“Mush” and,

Dozier, Mary

dropping out

adolescent decisions and,

author’s experience and,

from college,

noncognitive skills and,

OneGoal program and,

parental care and,

as positive step,

poverty and,

predictors of,

U.S. trends in,

dual-purpose instruction

Dubner, Stephen

Duckworth, Angela

character research

Grit Scale and,

motivation vs. volition and,

volitional tools and,

Duncan, Arne

Du Sable High School in Chicago

Dweck, Carol

dwelling strategies

Edlund, Calvin

education reform

poverty debate and,

students’ home lives and,

teacher quality and,

Egeland, Byron

elite schools. See also Riverdale Country School

character and,

chess playing and,

opportunity and,

emotional capacity

emotional intelligence

The End of Overeating (Kessler)

Ericsson, K. Anders

Evans, Gary

executive functions. See also decision making

interventions and,

stress and,

types of,

working memory and,

“explanatory style,”. See also optimism

failure, value of risk of

author’s experience and,

character strength and,

learning from mistakes and,

overprotection of children and,

parenting and,

falsification ability

family functioning. See also attachment relationships; childhood trauma; parenting

Feinberg, Michael

Felitti, Vincent

Feng, Danny (student)

Fenger High School in Chicago. See also Dozier, Elizabeth; Gaston, Thomas (“Mush”); Jones, Keitha; Youth Advocate Programs

Fierst, Karen

financial need, definition of,

Finneran, Michael

firehouse effect

Fisher, Donald

Fisher, Doris

Fisher, Philip

Flemister, Faith

flow (state)

follow through

foster parents

Freakonomics (Levitt and Dubner)

Fryer, Roland

Galvin, John

gang violence

Garcia, Sebastian (IS 318 student)

Gaston, Thomas (“Mush”)

Gates, Steve

Gates Foundation

GED (General Educational Development) program

genius, and deliberate practice

Genius in Chess (Levitt)

Gintis, Herbert

Gladwell, Malcolm

Goldin, Claudia

Goleman, Daniel

government policies

aid to poor and,

failures of,

teacher quality and,

grit

advantaged students and,

American values and,

definition of,

KIPP advantages over Riverdale and,

measurement of,

too much,

Grit Scale

group identity

growth mindset

habits, and character. See also thinking habits, and chess

Hanushek, Eric

Hart, Betty

Heckman, James, xvi–xxi

Herrnstein, Richard

High School Transformation initiative (Chicago)

High School Turnaround initiative (Chicago)

Holder, Eric

HPA (“hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal”) axis

Huberman, Ron

“implementation intentions,”

incentive processing system,

incentives. See also motivation

effectiveness of,

neurological system and,

teacher quality and,

indulging strategies

industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

infant brain chemistry

intelligence. See also cognitive hypothesis

ACT as measure of,

and chess,

IQ tests and,

malleability of,

M&M study and,

poverty and,

Intermediate School 318 in Brooklyn. See also Spiegel, Elizabeth

chess program at,

teaching techniques at,

interpersonal self-control

interventions

effectiveness of, in adolescence,

and executive functions,

with parents,

and prefontal cortex,

and stereotype threat,

IQ. See intelligence

Irish Chess Union study

Ivy League student career choices

James, William

Jay-Z (rapper)

Jobs, Steve

Johns Hopkins University,

Johnson, Lyndon B. (U.S. president),

Jones, Keitha (YAP student)

Kaiser Permanente ACE study

Kamsky, Gata

Kane, Thomas,

Kasparov, Garry

Katz, Lawrence

Kennedy, John F. (U.S. president),

Kessler, David

Kindlon, Dan

King, Matt

KIPP middle schools

achievement gap and,

character-development approach at,

character report card at,

college success and,

discipline and,

Duckworth workshop at,

first cohort at,

school culture at,

KIPP Through College program

Knights of the South Bronx (movie)

Knowledge Is Power Program. See KIPP middle schools

Kotlowitz, Alex

Kozol, Jonathan

Kumon preschool tutoring (Junior Kumon)

Kwak, James

Lapshun, Yuri

leadership principles at OneGoal

Learned Optimism (Seligman)

Leonardo, Ms. (Red Bank teacher)

Lerma, Kewauna (ACE Tech student), xxi–xxiii

Levin, David . See also KIPP middle schools

achievement gap and,

character strengths and,

paternalism and,

Randolph and,

Levine, Madeline

Levitt, Jonathan

Levitt, Steven

Levitt equation

LG (“licking and grooming”) study

Li, Brian

Lieberman, Alicia

long-term goals. See delayed gratification; self-control

Lou, Eddie

Luthar, Suniya

McClain, Dylan

McConico, Marla

Mac Donald, Heather

McEwen, Bruce

McPherson, Michael S.

Makayla (Chicago infant)

make-up programs

Marks, Mindy

Marshall, Frank

Marshall Chess Club

marshmallow test

Masterman Middle School in Philadelphia

Mathews, Jay

“mature dramatic play”

MCII. See Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII)

Meaney, Michael

Measures of Effective Teaching project

“mediators”

medical risk indicators,

Mental Contrasting with Inplementation Intentions (MCII)

mental health, and childhood trauma

metacognition

methylation

mindset, malleability of

Minnesota attachment study

Mischel, Walter

M&M studies

Moffitt, Terrie,

“moral character”

moral laws, and character

motivation

character strengths and,

personality and,

volition and,

Mott Hall School

Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for Preschoolers

Murray, Charles

National Center for Education Research

National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY)

National Scholastic K-Chess Championship

Negron, Joseph

Nelson, Jeff

neurological system development

adolescence and,

New Leaders for New Schools program

New Trier Township High School

New York magazine

New York Times (newspaper)

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