Вилейанур Рамачандран - Phantoms in the Brain

Simmel, Mary Ann, 269n

Sinclair-Gieben, A.H.C., 294n

Singer, W., 296n

size-contrast illusion, 82–83, 82

skin, sensations arising from, 33–34

Slater, E., 285n

sleep, REM (rapid eye movement), 147–148, 282n

smell, 6–7, 10, 177

smiling, 13–14, 291n

grimace compared with, 207, 210–211, 291n

lying and, 278n

Snyder, A., 287n

social self, 254

sociobiology, see evolutionary psychology somatoparaphrenia, vii, 2, 131, 143, 249, 278n

Sorenson, Tom, 20–22, 28–31, 33–35, 38, 40, 50, 268n

Spanos, N.P., 294n

spatial representation, 115, 120–121, 125

speculation, xv-xvi Sperry, R.W., 280n

spinal cord, 9, 9 , 16 , 33, 48

dorsal rhizotomy and, 27, 33

motor system and, 44, 45

split brains, xiii, 10, 280n

spontaneous activity, 275n

spontaneous remissions, 214–215

sports, spatial orientation in, 83

Springer, S., 280n

sprouting, 34, 35

Squire, Larry, 265n

Starkman, M., 294n

Star Wars (movie), 83

Stenstrom, R.S., 294n

stereoscopic vision, 94, 273n

Steve (neglect syndrome patient), 118–119, 120

Stevenson, Robert Louis, 224

Stoddard, Rick, 60

“Stream of Thought, The” (James), 276n

stroke, 2, 12–13, 14

blindness and, 73, 75

neglect syndrome and, 113, 114, 119, 277n

number sense and, 17–19

paralysis and, 48, 119, 127–128

in right hemisphere, 114, 117, 127–128, 134, 142, 144, 277n

Stroop interference, 295n

subjective sensation, see qualia suicidal tendencies, 12–13, 22

sun, xiv, 68, 69n, 271n

superior colliculus, 73, 74

supplementary motor area, 44, 201, 249

Susan (denial patient), 283n

Susan (epilepsy patient), 201

Sutherland, Stuart, 228

swastika pattern, blind spot and, 94, 95

sweating, 164

see also galvanic skin response

symbolic description, 66–67

Symons, Don, 288n, 290n

synapses, 8, 8

synesthesia, 297n–298n

table-tapping illusion, 60, 61

tadpoles, regeneration in, 5–6

Taub, E., 267n

Tecoma, Evelyn, 185–186, 286n

telescope, xiv

temporal lobe epilepsy, xvi, 1, 7, 248–249, 285n

galvanic skin response and, 185–187, 285n–286n

religious experience and, 175–177, 179–188, 285n–286n

temporal lobe personality, 180–188, 285n

temporal lobes, ix, 9, 9 , 74 , 77, 78–79, 101, 228, 265n

consciousness and, 244–246

object recognition and, 115, 116, 162, 165, 284n

religious experience and, 175–177, 179–188, 286n

see also amygdala; hypothalamus; insular cortex; septum

textures, 64, 79–80, 101, 102, 103, 275n

thalamus, 9, 10, 13, 16 , 33, 74, 109, 163 , 175, 252

“theory of other minds” module, 296nThiruvengadam, K.V., 6–7

Thomas, Dylan, 188

Thomas, Lewis, ix, xii, 127, 218

Thomas, M., 287n

Thompson, K., 296n

threat:

emotional arousal in response to, 163–164

perception of, 116–117

threat grimace, smile compared with, 207, 210–211, 291n

Through the Looking Glass (Carroll), 124, 158

Thurber, James, 85–87, 86 , 104, 112, 272n

tickling, ix, 208, 291n“tinkering” strategy, 5

toes, sucking of, 3, 37

tokens vs. types, 170

Tom (savant), 192–193, 195

Tooby, J., 288n

touch, 33–34, 38, 39, 177

phantom pain and, 50–51, 54–55

Tovee, M.J, 239, 284n

Townsend, Robert, 52–54

transcranial magnetic stimulator, 174–175, 284n

translation barrier, 231–232, 283n, 296n

transsexuals, 270n, 294n

tray experiment, 137–138

trichromacy, 264n

Trimble, M.R., 285n

Trivers, Robert, 254–255, 278n–279n

Tudor, Mary, 294n

ulcers, cause of, xv, xvi

ultra-Darwinists, 209–210

unconscious, viii-ix, 156, 235

unconscious inference, 68, 270n

Ungerleider, Leslie, 74

unified self, 251–252

universe, geocentric vs. heliocentric view of, xiv, 156

Upanishads , 157

Van der Berghe, L., 289n

Van Essen, David, 272n

Van Hoesen, G.W., 284n

Venus’s-flytrap, 239–240

vertical black line experiment, 91, 92

vestibular cortex, 147

vestibular nerve, 147

V4 (visual area), 72–73, 81, 272n

vigilant self, 252–253

“virtual reality” device, viii, 46–49, 52–55

denial patients and, 140–141

Dolan-Frith experiment with, 141–142, 280n

vision, visual system, 63–112, 177, 232–233, 271n–275n

assumptions of, 68, 69 , 271n

binocular, 89–90

bottom-up view of, 109, 110, 111

color, 11, 64, 72–73, 79–80, 81, 102, 110, 111, 185, 230, 264n, 272n, 278n

contradictory evidence and, 91, 93, 93

double, 274n

foveal, 80

imagination and, 112

multiple specialized areas of, 72–73, 77, 80, 81, 102, 272n

neglect syndrome and, 115

organization of, 73, 74

Parkinson’s disease and, 270n

phantom limbs and, 43, 46–49, 54–55

right hemisphere and, 133–134

size-contrast illusion and, 82–83, 82

statistical regularities and, 103–104

stereoscopic, 94, 273n

subjective experience and, 55

top-down view of, 109, 110, 111, 275n, 297n

see also blindness; blind spots; “how” pathway; “what” pathway

Vision of the Brain, A (Zeki), 71

visual categories, Capgras’ syndrome and, 170–171

visual cortex, 70, 71, 74, 233, 284n, 296n

migraines and, 89

primary, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 81, 109, 110, 115, 275n

visualization therapy, 111

volume control (gate control), 51

von Cramon, D., 272n

Wall, Patrick, 267n

Wallace, Alfred Russel, 189–192, 198

Ward, Betty, 140–141

warmth, 33–34, 50

Warrington, Elizabeth, 265n

warts, hypnosis and, 218–219, 294n

Watson, James, 63, 263n

Waxman, S.G., 285n

Wegener, Alfred, 223

Weil, Andrew, 221

Weisel, Torsten, 271n

Weiskrantz, Larry, 75–76, 265n, 272n

Wernicke’s aphasia, 277n, 280n

Wernicke’s area, 245

What Is Life? (Schrödinger), xii

“what” pathway, 74 , 77–82, 110, 111, 115, 240, 247, 277n, 283n

Wheeler, John Archibald, xi

“where” pathway, see “how” pathway

“Why Do Gentlemen Prefer Blondes?” (Ramachandran), 202, 289n–291n

Wieser, H.G., 285n

Williams, G., 288n

Wills, Christopher, 274n, 286n, 294n

Wilson, E.O., 288n

Wilson, M., 288n

Wiltshire, Stephen, 287n

Winson, J., 283n

Wright, R., 285n

writer’s cramp (focal dystonia), 269n

Yang, Tony, 31

Yap, G.S., 280n

yawning, 14

Young, A.W., 284n

Zeki, Semir, 9 , 71 , 221, 272n

Zihl, J, 272n

Zuk, M., 289n