Вилейанур Рамачандран - Phantoms in the Brain

Cotard’s syndrome as exaggerated form of, 167

Freudian view of, 161–162

galvanic skin response and, 164–165

gaze direction and, 168–169

memory and, 169–172

self and, 171–173

caricature, 287n–288n

Carroll, Lewis, 124, 158, 277n

cars:

body image and, 60–61, 136–137

in rearview mirrors, 120

cartoons, 2, 72, 108–109, 111

of Thurber, 86, 86 , 87

cataracts, 87, 104–105

catastrophic reaction, 129, 149

cats, seeing vs. imagining of, 88, 109–110

Cecilia (denial patient), 130

cell body, 8

central (rolandic) sulcus, 9

cerebellum, 9, 9 , 16 , 45, 178

cerebral cortex, 9 , 10, 13, 16 , 116, 178, 264n

lying and, 278n

Penfield homunculus and, 25–27, 26

cervix, cancer of, 218

Chafe, Wallace, 291n

Chalmers, D., 294n

Charcot, Jean Martin, 295n

Charles Bonnet syndrome, 87–88, 104–112, 274n–275n

Charles II, king of England, 91, 103

Chemical History of a Candle (Faraday), ix, xichess playing, 250

child abuse, 225

children, 279n

autistic, 195, 286n, 292n

in Charles Bonnet hallucinations, 105–106

phantom limbs in, 57, 269n, 270n

Chopra, Deepak, 221, 249

Chudamani, Viveka, 39

Churchland, Patricia, 175, 275n, 296n

Churchland, P.M., 296n

cingulate cortex, 163 , 178

cingulate gyrus, 201, 208, 228, 249, 252

Civil War, U.S., vii, 23

Clark, Astley, 200

Clark, Stephanie, 268n

Cobb, S., 269n

cognitive neuropsychiatry, 3

cognitive science, 272n

coherence and continuity, 133, 134–135, 147, 280n, 282n

cold, 33–34, 50

color blindness, 72–73, 230

color vision, 11, 64, 72–73, 79–80, 81, 102, 110, 111, 185, 230, 264n, 272n, 278n

computer model of brain, 56, 277n

conceptual filling in, 103–104, 110

conceptual self, 253–254

confabulation, 154, 155, 254, 283n

connectionism, 10

consciousness, 76, 77, 103, 137, 156, 227–257, 296n–298n

as epiphenomenon, 235

selective function of, 116–117, 276n

see also qualia; self continental drift, 223

contingency, evolution and, 209, 292n

contradictory evidence, visual system and, 91, 93, 93

convergent evolution, 292n

Cooper, Larry, 139–140

Copernican revolution, xiv, 156

cordotomy, 33

corneal damage, 105

corner-of-a-square experiment, 94, 96 , 102–103

corpus callosum, 9, 10, 12, 16 , 163 , 178 , 280n

stroke in, 12–13

Cosmides, L., 288n

cosmology, xiv, 156, 157

Cotard’s syndrome, 167, 248

courtship ritual, of birds, 68, 70

couvade syndrome (sympathetic pregnancy), 218

creativity, 7, 197–198

humor and, 206, 291n

of Thurber, 85–87, 86 , 112

Crick, Francis, xii, 175, 186, 199, 229, 234, 263n, 271n, 285n

Critchley, M., 276n, 278n

Cro-Magnon, 190, 191

Cronholm, B., 267n

Cutting, J., 278n

cyclophosphamide, 220

Cytowic, Richard, 297n

Daly, M., 288n

Damasio, A., 278n, 284n

Damasio, Hanna, 274n, 284n

Darwin, Charles, ix, xi, xvi, 68, 70 , 133, 189–191, 211, 224, 227, 240, 286n, 291n

Darwinian revolution, 156

Darwinism (Wallace), 189

Davies, Paul, xii, 256–257

Davy, Humphry, ix, xiDawkins, Richard, xii, 197, 286n

D.B. (Drew), 75–77, 81

death:

Cotard’s syndrome and, 167

laughter and, 199–200, 207

decapitation:

blind spot and, 91, 94

Capgras’ syndrome and, 166

scotoma and, 103

defense mechanism(s), viii-ix, 130–133, 136, 152–156, 280n–281n

humor as, 154, 207

in normal people, 131–135

rationale behind, 134–135

rationalizations as, 152, 154, 155, 156

reaction formation as, 139, 153–154, 155

repression as, 135, 143–144, 146, 148, 149, 153, 155, 161, 282n

selection of, 155

Dehaene, S., 265n

de Kruif, Paul, xiidendrites, 8

denial, 50, 127–153, 155–157, 253–254, 278n–283n

depth of, 143, 281n–282n

global, 142

location of brain lesions and, 142–143

memory and, 148–150, 283n

mock injections and, 151–152, 283n

neglect syndrome and, 133, 139–141, 144

normal vs. exaggerated, 131–132

Dennett, Dan, xii, 80, 254, 272n, 286n, 296n, 297n

depression, 3, 13, 182, 217, 280n–281n

depth, 110, 111

Descent of Man, The (Darwin), 70, 211

Deutsch, Anthony, 289n

Deutsch, G., 280n

Devil’s Advocate, 135–136

Dewhurst, K., 285n

DeYoe, Ted, 272n

diabetes, 285n

diabetic retinopathy, 87, 105

dichotomania, 279n

Dickens, Charles, viiidigestive system, 264n

disease, sensory identification of, 6–7

Disraeli, Benjamin, 211

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), 81, 234, 246, 263n, 264n, 272n, 294n

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (Stevenson), 224

Dodds, Mrs., 127–129, 132, 136, 138–139, 154

Dolan, Ray, 141–142, 280n

dorsal rhizotomy, 27–28, 33

dreams, 3, 147, 195

REM sleep and, 147–148, 282n

dyscalculias, 17–19, 265n, 277n

dyslexia, temporary, 101

ears, 37–38

hallucinations and, 105, 106

nystagmus and, 144–146

Eddington, Sir Thomas, 222–223

Edelman, Gerald M., 109, 278n

Edward, B., 286n

eggs and cavities images, 68, 69 , 70 , 271n

ego, defense of, 130, 135

Einstein, Albert, 4, 115, 174, 195, 235

Ekman, P., 278n

Electra complex, 161

electricity, magnetism and, 4–5

Ellen (neglect syndrome patient), 113–117, 120–125

Ellis, Havelock, 289n

Ellis, H.D., 284n

embodied self, 247, 250

emotion, 116, 117, 282n

appropriate, 115, 166

Capgras’ syndrome and, 162–167, 170, 172, 284n

eye contact and, 168

limbic system and, 13, 16 , 17, 116, 162–164, 163 , 167, 171, 177, 182–183, 185, 247, 248–249

right hemisphere and, 133–134, 280n

self and, 247–249

temporal lobe epilepsy and, 180, 182, 187

empathy, 61, 218, 250

epilepsy, 15

grand mal seizure of, 179

temporal lobe, see temporal lobe epilepsy

epistemology, experimental, 3, 151–152

erections:

of gay bashers, 153

health and, 197

phantom, 25, 37

Esmerelda (denial patient), 130

estrogen, 294n

evolution, 156, 157, 224

contingency and, 209, 292n

convergent, 292n

Lamarckian, 190

natural selection in, 175, 183, 184, 189–191, 196, 201, 209–211, 235, 286n, 288n, 292n–293n

perception and, 68, 70, 76, 103, 271n

of self-deception, 278n–279n

evolutionary psychology (sociobiology), 183–184, 201–202, 288n–291n

executive self, 249–250

experimental method, Galilean, 24, 266n

eye movement, 38, 144, 145, 271n

rapid (REM), 147–148, 282n

eyes, 6, 73, 74, 168

retina of, 70, 71 , 74 , 81, 89, 115, 274n, 275n

face, 33

brain mapping and, 26–31, 26 , 30, 32 , 34, 40, 267n–268n

phantom, 25

face cells, 77–78

face recognition, 10, 64, 77–78, 169

Capgras’ syndrome and, 162–167, 172, 284n

Fregoli syndrome and, 171

prosopagnosia and, 162, 284n

false alarm theory, 206, 207

Faraday, Michael, ix, xi, 4–5, 263n

Farah, Martha, 266n, 278n, 284n

feces, disgust for, 202

Fedio, Paul, 248, 285n

feet:

brain mapping and, 26, 26 , 27, 35, 36, 266n–267n