Вилейанур Рамачандран - Phantoms in the Brain

Ovid, 21

pain, 49–56

memory of, 51–52, 111

pain, phantom, vii, viii, 1, 22, 28, 32–33, 38, 40, 47, 49–55, 111

abnormal remapping and, 50–51

alleviation of, 24, 32–33, 49, 50, 52–55

causes of, 50–51

cup experiment and, 43

pain asymbolia, 207–208

palinopsia, 274n–278n

Papez, James, 177, 284n

paradigm shifts, 136, 204, 205, 222–223, 280n, 291n

Paradise Lost (Milton), 176

paralysis, 14

denial of, vii, 2, 127–157, 278n–283n

of denial patient’s right arm, 140–141

learned, viii, 46, 47–48, 269n

in monkeys, 27–28

in phantom limbs, vii, viii, 43–47

stroke and, 48, 119, 127–128

see also anosognosia; somato­paraphrenia

Paré, Ambroise, 22

parent(s):

child’s sexual attraction to, 161

as imposters, ix, 158–166

as robot, 166

parietal lobe, 9, 9 , 46, 49, 73, 116–117

Balint’s syndrome and, 80

body image and, 44, 45, 46, 49–50, 142, 156, 246, 247

denial and, 139, 142

left, damage to, 116, 117

motor system and, 44, 45, 49–50

right, detection of damage to, 125

right, stroke in, 114, 117, 142, 277n

spatial representation and, 115, 120–121, 125

see also “how” pathway

Parkinson’s disease, 7, 269n–270n

parthenogenesis, 104

passionate self, 247–249

Paul (temporal lobe personality), ISO- 182

Peggy Sue (MPD patient), 224–225

penduncular hallucinosis, 252–253

Penfield, Wilder, 25–27, 26

Penfield homunculus (sensory homunculus), 25–27, 26 , 29, 31, 32 , 37, 39, 44, 50, 267n, 268n, 298n

penis, 25, 37, 270n

see also erections

perception, 63–112, 271n–275n, 293n

ambiguity in, 68

comparisons vs. absolute value in, 167

eggs and cavities image and, 68, 69

fiinhouse imagery view of, 109

judgment and, 67

memory and, 112, 238–241

stability in, 241–242, 271n

as “unconscious inference, ” 68

unity of, 80–81

see also vision, visual system

perceptual filling in, 100–104, 110

perimetry, 102

periodic table, 222

Perrett, David, 77

Persinger, Michael, 175, 184

pets, Capgras’ syndrome and, 161–162

phantom limbs, vii-viii, xi, 1, 3, 21–58, 111, 266n–270n

“amputation” of, viii, 49–50

being born with, 40–42, 269n

defined, vii, 22

explanations of, 23, 28, 31–32

in historical perspective, vii, 22–23

movement of, 40–48

paralysis in, vii, viii, 43–47

“virtual reality” device and, 46–49, 52–55, 141–142

vision and, 43, 46–49, 54–55

Phelps, M.E., 263n

phrenology, 264n–265n

physics, 4–5

Piel, Jonathan, 95–96

Pinker, Steven, xii, 288n

pituitary gland, 177, 216, 294n

placebo effect, 53, 151–152, 214, 221, 295n–296n

Plum, F., 298n

poetry, 7, 188

polyandry, 183

polygamy, 183, 184

pons, 9, 9 , 16

Pons, Tim, 25, 27–30, 267n, 268n

positron emission tomography (PET), 141, 142, 263n, 285n

Posner, M., 263n

potential intelligence, 190–191

preadaptation, 209

preformationism, 104

pregnancy:

false (pseudocyesis), 212–218, 294n

sympathetic (couvade syndrome), 218

Pribram, K., 269n

primary axon, 8

primary visual cortex, 70, 71 , 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 81, 109, 110, 115, 275n

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London , 269n

Profet, Margie, 288n

progesterone, 294n

projection, 154–155

prolactin, 216, 217, 218, 294n

prosopagnosia, 162, 284n

pseudocyesis (false pregnancy), 212–218, 294n

psychological defenses, see defense mechanism(s)

qualia (subjective sensation), 229–245, 251–252, 296n–297n

defined, 229, 230

features of, 238–242, 239

riddle of, 229–231

Queen Square Neurological Hospital for Neurological Diseases, 141–142

rabies, 177, 284n–285n

racism, 171

Rafael, Robert, 278n

Raichle, M., 263n

Ramachandran, Mani, 83

Ramachandran, V.S., 69 , 227, 239, 267n–271n, 273n, 274n, 278n, 281n, 284n, 286n, 296n

Ramanujan, Srinivasa, 188, 193–195

Ramón y Cajal, Santiago, 234

rationalizations, 152, 154, 155, 156

reaction formation, 139, 153–154, 155

recticular activating system, 116

reductionism, 234, 264n

redundancy, 34

religious experience, ix, 1, 3, 6, 175–188, 285n

REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, 147–148, 282n

repression, 135, 143–144, 146, 148, 149, 153, 155, 161, 282n

reverse engineering, 209–210

Rickard, Tim, 266n

Ridley, M., 285n

rifle targets, 83

right hemisphere, xiii, 9–10, 9 , 12–13, 32, 288n

angular gyrus of, 196

anosognosia and, 132, 141, 147, 282n

as Devil’s Advocate, 135–136

discrepancies monitored in, 142, 280n

injury in, 7, 13, 14, 114, 117, 127–128, 132, 134, 142, 144, 280n, 281n, 282n; see also neglect syndrome

language and, 133

self-deception and, 279n

translation barrier and, 283n

vision and, 133–134

Rivermead Rehabilitation Center, 131

Robinson, R.G., 280n

robot, parent as, 166

Rock, I., 271n

Rodin, E., 285n

Rogers-Ramachandran, D., 269n, 270n

Rolls, E.T., 77, 239 , 284n

Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám, The , 1, 188

Sacks, Oliver, xii, 73, 118, 143, 162, 192, 272n, 287n

Sagan, Carl, ix, xii

Sam (Ellen’s son), 113–115, 120

Sanders, Mike, 75

San Diego Rehabilitation Center, 150

savant syndrome (idiot savant syndrome), 192–197, 194 , 286n–287n

explanation of, 195–196, 286n–287n

Schacter, D.L., 278n

schizophrenia, 176, 182, 253, 285n

Schmaltz, S., 285n

Schopenhauer, Arthur, 203

Schrödinger, Erwin, xii, 176

science:

exception vs. rule in, 5–6

progress in, 221–222

Scientific American , 95–96, 272n

scientific revolutions, common denominator of, 156–157

scotoma, 71 , 96–104, 274n, 275n

corner-of-a-square experiment and, 102–103

decapitation and, 103

migraines and, 89, 97

perimetry and, 102

Searle, John, 245, 296n

“Secret Life of Walter Mitty, The” (Thurber), 85

Sejnowski, Terry, 265n, 275n

self, xviii, 3, 12, 81, 83–84, 227–257, 296n–298n

anosognosia and, 137

body image and, 61–62, 247, 250

Capgras’ syndrome and, 171–173

conceptual, 253–254

executive, 249–250

as illusion, 84, 227–228, 247, 272n

mnemonic, 250–251

passionate, 247–249

social, 254

unified, 251–252

vigilant, 252–253

see also consciousness

self-deception, 130, 134–135, 254–255, 278n–279n

Selfe, Lorna, 194

Sen, Sathyajit, 40

sensory cortex, viii, 9 , 16

sensory homunculus, see Penfield homunculus

septum, 175, 178 , 228

Sergent, Justine, 98, 273n, 274n

Sex (Madonna), 36

sexuality, sexual behavior, 10, 153, 197, 201

children’s attraction to parents and, 161

ears and, 37

feet and, 3, 35–37

indiscriminate, 78, 79

temporal lobe epilepsy and, 181, 186, 187

see also erections; orgasm; penis

sexual selection, 293n

Shah, Muntaz, 149–150

Shakespeare, William, 85, 111, 148, 152, 198, 241, 256, 282n

Shallice, T., 269n

shapes, vision and, 110, 111

shoelace experiment, 138–139