Вилейанур Рамачандран - Phantoms in the Brain

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Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 215

acupuncture, 51

Adamec, R.E., 285n

Adler, Ralph, 220

Aglioti, Salvatore A., 37, 82–83, 268n

akinetic mutism, 252, 253, 298n

alcoholism, 15, 134, 149

Alkon, Dan, 265n

Alley, T.R., 289n

Allman, John, 272n

Altschuler, Eric, 277n, 278n, 295n, 296n

amnesia, 160

Capgras’ syndrome compared with, 169–170

H.M. case and, xiii, 15, 148, 149, 265n

amputation stump, shortening of, vii, 32–33

amygdala, 16 , 162, 163 , 166, 167–168, 177, 178 , 182, 185, 186, 228

consciousness and, 244–245, 247, 252

Anderson, Willy, 199–200, 201, 202, 208, 288n

angular gyrus, 19, 195–196

Anna O., 294n

anomalies, 222–224

anorexia nervosa, 149, 155–156

anosognosia, vii, 2, 127–157, 249, 278n–283n

asymmetry of, 132

experiments with, 137–141

Freudian view of, 131–132, 133

hemispheric specialization and, 134–136, 279n–280n

“ice water in the ear” stimulation and, 144–148

neurological view of, 131, 132, 139–142

temporary remission of, 144–146, 148

of Wernicke’s aphasics, 280n

Anstis, Stuart, 290n

anterior thalmic nuclei, 178

Anthropologist on Mars, An (Sacks), 73

antibiotics, 214

Anton’s syndrome, 280n

anxiety, 13, 207

apes, 195, 197

appendix, phantom, 24–25

argus pheasant, tail feathers of, 68, 70

Aristotle, 24, 266n

Armel, Kathleen, 286n, 297n, 298n

arms, 14, 26

denial of paralysis in, 2, 127–132, 139–142, 149–155

of monkeys, 27–28

paralysis of, 43–44, 47

phantom, vii, 1, 21–24, 28–30, 30 , 34, 40–42, 45–50, 270n

prosthetic, 41, 270n

swinging of, 41–42

see also fingers; hands

art, 189, 192, 193, 194, 196, 197, 287n–288n

arthritic pain, 51

Arthur case, 2, 3–4, 158–173

auditory recognition in, 160, 168

duplication in, 172

galvanic skin response in, 164–165

visual categories problem in, 170–171

asthma, 219–220

Astonishing Hypothesis, The (Crick), xii

attention, 116–117, 120

attention shift idea, 286n, 287n

auditory cortex, 14, 168

auditory nerve, 37

auditory nucleus, 37–38

Austen, Jane, 152

autistic children, 195, 286n, 292n

autonomic nervous system, 163–164, 163 , 177, 219, 247

Avery, Oswald, 263n

axon terminals, 8

Baars, B., 296n

Babinski, Joseph François, vii, 128

bacteria, as cause of ulcers, xv, xviBalint’s syndrome, 80

Barglow, P., 294n

Barkow, J.H., 288n

Barlow, Horace, 264n

basal ganglia, 10, 13, 14, 16

Baywatch (TV program), 11

Bear, D.M., 248, 285n

Beard, A.W., 285n

bee waggle dance, 243–244

behaviorism, 229, 264n

belief system, 140, 142, 155–156, 279n

experiment on, 151–152

left hemisphere and, 134–136, 141, 147, 282n

Benson, F., 269n

Bhagavad Gita , 127

bicycle wheel experiment, 94–95, 97

Bill (denial patient), 142–143, 281n

binding problem, 80–81

binocular vision, 89–90

biological variability, 215

Birnbaum, M.H., 296n

Bisiach, Edoardo, 144, 276n–277n

black box approach, 263n–264n

Blakemore, Colin, xii

blindness, 63–65, 71

in Charles Bonnet syndrome, 87–88, 104–112, 274n–275n

color, 72–73, 230

motion, 72, 81, 272n

of Thurber, 85–87

blindsight, xvi, 2, 75–76, 118, 272n

blind spots, 70, 71 , 89–96, 235–237, 236 , 272n–274n

artificial, 273n–274n

in bicycle wheel experiment, 94–95, 97

in corner-of-a-square experiment, 94, 96

decapitation and, 91, 94

demonstration of, 89, 90

filling in, ix, 89–96, 90 , 104, 236–237, 236, 242–243, 273n, 297n

swastika pattern and, 94, 95

vertical black line run through, 91, 92

Block, N., 296n

Bloom, Floyd, 31

boasting, 255, 279n

body image, xi, 3, 253, 282n, 283n

anorexia and, 149, 155–156

cars and, 60–61, 136–137

coining of phrase, 44

malleability of, 58–62, 247

mirror in altering of, 49

nature vs. nurture and, 22, 27–31, 41–42, 56–58, 267n

parietal lobe and, 44, 45, 46, 49–50, 142, 156, 246, 247

reorganization of, vii-viii, 22

self and, 61–62, 247, 250

body parts, denial of ownership of, see somatoparaphrenia

Bogen, J.E., 279n, 280n, 298n

Bonnet, Charles, 104

see also Charles Bonnet syndrome Borsook, David, 35, 268n

brain, human:

black box approach to, 263n–264n

as computer, 56, 277n

discrepancy in sensory inputs and, 141, 142

hippocampus, 15, 16 , 17, 148, 163 , 178 , 265n

judgments of, 67–68

modularist vs. holistic view of, 10–11

motor system of, 44–45, 53–54

phantom limbs and, vii-viii, 22, 25–40, 45–46, 54–58

redundancy within, 34

size of, 191, 196–197, 265n, 293n–294n

split, xiii, 10, 280n

structure of, 7–10, 8 , 9 , 16

symbolic description in, 66–67

unified theory of, 4, 5

see also cerebral cortex; frontal lobes; left hemisphere; right hemisphere; temporal lobes; specific topics

Brain, Lord Russell, 44

Brain, Mind and Behavior (Bloom and Laserson), 16 , 178

brain, monkey, 27–28, 30, 77–78, 267n

brain damage, 12–19, 31, 196

vision and, 64–65, 72, 73, 75

see also stroke

brain mapping, brain maps, 39–40, 266n–267n

Penfield homunculus and, 25–27, 26, 29, 31, 32 , 37, 39, 44, 50, 267n, 268n, 298n

vision and, 70, 71

brain remapping, 27–31, 32, 33–40, 45, 56, 268n–269n

abnormal, 50–51

in monkeys, 27–28, 29, 33

savants and, 196

vision and, 274n

brain stem, 14, 17, 37, 116, 178 , 234

superior colliculus in, 73, 74

brain tumor, denial of, 142–143

breast cancer, 214

breasts, phantom, 24, 37

Breiter, Hans, 268n

Brewster, Sir David, 273n

Broca, Pierre Paul, 177

Brown, E., 294n

Brown, Richard, 295n

Brown-Sequard, Charles, 279n

Bruens, J.H., 285n

Bucy, Paul, 78

Buerger’s disease, 51

Burgess shale creatures, 292n

Caccace, A.T., 37

California, University of, Medical Center of, 127–129

Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 23

cancer, 7, 214–215, 218

Capgras’ syndrome, ix, xvi, 2, 3–4, 158–173, 248, 284n

amnesia compared with, 169–170

auditory recognition and, 160, 168