Вилейанур Рамачандран - Phantoms in the Brain

phantom, 35–36, 57, 270n

sexuality and, 3, 35–37

Feinberg, T., 278n

Fermat, Pierre de, 188

Feynman, Richard, 120

filling-in phenomenon, 88–96, 90 , 273n–274n

blind spots and, ix, 89–96, 90 , 104, 236–237, 236 , 242–243, 273n, 297n

in Charles Bonnet syndrome, 110

defined, 88, 273n

perceptual vs. conceptual, 103–104, 110

scotomas and, 89, 98–104, 272n–273n

finger agnosia, 19

fingers:

brain mapping and, 26, 26 , 50

disease identification and, 6–7

phantom, vii, 1, 21–22, 28–30, 30 , 41, 43, 47, 49–55, 111, 270n

Finkelstein, Rita, 28

fists, phantom, 52–55, 111

Fletcher, Diane, 63–65, 69, 79–83

flower drawing, 121–122, 122

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 217, 294n

foot fetishes, 26, 36–37

Foster, Chris, 295n, 297n

foveal vision, 80

Fregoli syndrome, 171

Freud, Anna, 130, 153

Freud, Sigmund, viii-ix, 3, 36, 41, 135, 147, 152–157, 205, 224

Capgras’ syndrome as viewed by, 161–162

defense mechanisms and, 130–133, 139, 152–156

Fried, I., 291n

Frith, Chris, 141–142, 280n

frontal lobes, 9, 9 , 17 , 116, 166, 175, 177, 228, 234, 247, 264n–265n, 282n, 284n

consciousness and, 244, 248

movement and, 44

ventromedial, 142–143

frontal lobe syndrome, 182

Frost, P., 289n

functionalists, 264n

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 141, 263n, 266n, 270n

funhouse, images in, 109, 274n

Fuster, J.M., 269n

Gage, Phineas, 248

Gainotti, G., 280n

Galileo, xi, xiv, 24, 266n

Galin, D., 278n, 279n, 296n

Gall, Franz, 264n–265n

Gallen, Chris, 31

galvanic skin response (GSR), 61, 166, 248, 250, 270n, 279n, 282n

Capgras’ syndrome and, 164–165

of Cotard’s syndrome patients, 167

temporal lobe epilepsy and, 185–187, 286n

Gamow, George, ix, xii

Gandhi, Mohandas K., 174

Gardner, H., 281n

Gastaut, H., 285n

gate control (volume control), 51

gay bashers, 153

gaze direction, 168–169

gaze tinnitus, 37–38

Gazzaniga, M., 280n

genetic engineering, 197

genitals:

brain mapping and, 25, 26 , 27, 35–36, 266n

see also erections; penis genius, 185, 192–198

George (denial patient), 283n

Geschwind, Norman, 265n, 285n

gestalt, 109

Gestalt psychologists, 82

gesticulation, 41, 42, 44, 140

Gibbs, F.A., 285n

giraffes, long neck of, 293n

glaucoma, 87

God, 3, 39, 175–176, 179–182, 184–188, 191, 235, 273n

Goldberg, E., 269n

Goldberg, G., 269n

Goldman-Rakic, P.S., 269n

Goldstein, Kurt, 12–13, 129

Gombrich, Ernest, 288n

Goodale, Mel, 77

Gould, Stephen Jay, ix, xii, 209, 265n, 292n

Grace (denial patient), 142

Gray, C.M., 296n

Graziano, M.S.A., 280n

“Greenough, Ruth”, 200, 201, 207, 208, 288n

Gregory, Richard, ix, xii, 65, 120, 190, 271n, 273n

Griffiths, Fred, 263n

Gross, C.G., 77, 280n, 284n

Haldane, J.B.S., xxi, 39, 113

Halligan, Peter, 105, 117–118, 250, 276n

hallucinations, 33, 105–112, 275n

auditory, 105, 106

Charles Bonnet, 87–88, 105–112, 274n–275n

imagining and, 110–112

temporal lobe epilepsy and, 176–177

of Thurber, 85–87, 86

Hamilton, John, 298n

Hamilton, W.D., 288n, 289n

Hamlet (Shakespeare), 139

hands, 209

brain mapping and, 26, 26 , 27–31, 30 , 32

dummy, 59–60

Parkinson’s disease and, 269n–270n

telescoped phantom, 42–43

see also fingers

Hard Times (Dickens), viiiHardy, G.H., 194

Hari, Riita, 247, 282n

Head, Henry, 44

Hebbian link, 54

Heilman, J., 276n

Helicobacter pylori , xvHelmholtz, Hermann von, 68

hemianopia, 75

hemineglect, see neglect syndrome

hemispheric specialization, xiii, 142

anosognosia and, 134–136, 279n–280n

see also left hemisphere; right hemisphere

heredity, see DNA; nature vs. nurture

Hermelin, B., 286n

Hildebrandt, K.A., 289n

Hill, A.L., 286n

hippocampus, 15, 16 , 17, 148, 163 , 178 , 265n

Hippocrates, 294n

Hirstein, W., 247, 270n, 284n, 286n, 296n

H.M. (amnesia patient), xiii, 15, 148, 149, 265n

Hobson, J.A., 283n

Hochberg, J.E., 271n

holism, 10–11, 80

Holmes, Sherlock, 1, 3, 12, 158, 212

homosexuality, latent, 153

Hooker, Joseph, 189

hormones, 177, 196, 197

false pregnancy and, 216, 217, 218, 294n

“how” pathway, 74 , 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 82 , 83, 110, 111, 115, 283n

consciousness and, 240–241, 244, 247

mirror agnosia and, 277n

How the Mind Works (Pinker), 288n

Hubei, David, 271n, 272n

Hume, David, 171, 296n

humor, 154, 188

evolution of, 203–209, 286n, 291n

false alarm theory of, 206, 207

see also jokes; laughter

Humphrey, Nick, 275n, 296n

Huxley, Thomas Henry, ix, xi, 152

hyperconnectivity, 248

hypertrophy theory, 287n

hypnosis, 215, 218–219, 294n–295n

hypothalamus, 10, 16 , 155, 156, 163 , 164, 177–178, 182, 201, 228

false pregnancy and, 216, 217

hypoxia, 15

“ice water in the ear” stimulation, 144–148

ideomotor apraxia, 269n

imaging techniques, 35, 83, 284n

functional magnetic resonance (fMRI), 141, 263n–266n, 270n

magnetic resonance (MR), 32, 287n

magnetoencephalography (MEG), 31, 32 , 263n, 270n

positron emission tomography (PET), 141, 142, 263n, 285n

imagining, imagination, xv-xvi, 87–88

hallucination and, 110–112

seeing vs., 88, 109–110

immune system, 214, 219–221, 225

imposters, Capgras’ syndrome and, ix, 158–166

India, 183, 193–195, 214, 265n

leprosy in, 57–58

information sequencing, 277n

Ingrid (Swiss patient), 72, 81

injections, mock, 151–152, 283n

insular cortex, 156, 208, 228

intelligence, 190–193, 292n

general, 192, 193, 195

kinetic, 190

phrenology and, 264n–265n

potential, 190–191

intralaminar thalmic nuclei, 252, 253

Iragui, Vincent, 185–186, 286n

Irene (phantom limb patient), 43, 44, 46

Ironside, R., 288n

itching, 28, 38

jacksonian seizures, 179

Jacobs, B., 292n

James, William, 267n, 276n

Jean (denial patient), 150, 153–154

Joan (scotoma patient), 274n

Joe (amnesia patient), 169–170

Johanson, D., 286n

Johnson, Mark, 28

Johnston, M.A., 294n

jokes, 3, 18–19, 147, 154, 203–204, 206, 207, 291n

Josh (scotoma patient), 97–103, 274n

Kaas, John, 272n

Kallio, K.E., 270n

Kandel, Eric, 265n

Kant, Immanuel, 115, 203

Karen (phantom limb patient), 55

Kauffman, Stuart, 292n–293n

kindling hypothesis, 182–183, 185–186

kinetic intelligence, 190

Kinsbourne, M., 279n, 280n

Kleffner, D.A., 271n

Klüver, Heinrich, 78

Klüver-Bucy syndrome, 78–79, 248

Knight, Mary, 212–217

Koch, Christof, 234

Korsakov, Sergei, 265n

Kristensen, O., 285n

Kuhn, Thomas, 136, 204, 222

Kumar, Mirabelle, 40–44, 57

Lackner, J.R., 270n

La Croix, R., 270n

Lamarckian evolution, 190

Lancet , 105

language, 10, 11, 14, 19, 117, 191, 245, 295n

body, 41, 42, 44

hemispheric specialization and, 133, 283n