Ханна Фрай - Hello World. Как быть человеком в эпоху машин

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Justin Huggler, Facial recognition software to catch terrorists being tested at Berlin station , Telegraph, 2 Aug. 2017, http://telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/02/facial-recognition-software-catch-terrorists-tested-berlin-station/.

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David Kravets, Driver’s license facial recognition tech leads to 4,000 New York arrests, Ars Technica , 22 Aug. 2017, https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/08/biometrics-leads-to-thousands-of-a-ny-arrests-for-fraud-identity-theft/.

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Ruth Mosalski, The first arrest using facial recognition software has been made, Wales Online , 2 June 2017, http://walesonline.co.uk/news/local-news/first-arrest-using-facial-recognition-13126934.

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Sebastian Anthony, UK police arrest man via automatic face recognition tech, Ars Technica , 6 June 2017, https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/06/police-automatic-face-recognition.

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David White, Richard I. Kemp, Rob Jenkins, Michael Matheson and A. Mike Burton, Passport officers’ errors in face matching, PLOSOne , 18 Aug. 2014, http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0103510#s6.

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Teghan Lucas and Maciej Henneberg, Are human faces unique? A metric approach to finding single individuals without duplicates in large samples, Forensic Science International , vol. 257, Dec. 2015, pp. 514e1–514.e6, http://sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073815003758.

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Zaria Gorvett, You are surprisingly likely to have a living doppelganger, BBC Future , 13 July 2016, http://bbc.com/future/story/20160712-you-are-surprisingly-likely-to-have-a-living-doppelganger.

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Eyewitness misidentification, The Innocence Project, https://innocenceproject.org/causes/eyewitness-misidentification.

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Douglas Starr, Forensics gone wrong: when DNA snares the innocent, Science , 7 March 2016, http://sciencemag.org/news/2016/03/forensics-gone-wrong-when-dna-snares-innocent.

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Это не означает, что в экспертизе по ДНК не может быть ошибочной идентификации, — может; это означает лишь, что вы владеете методом, который позволяет свести такие ошибки к минимуму.

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Richard W. Vorder Bruegge, Individualization of People from Images (Quantico, Va., FBI Operational Technology Division, Forensic Audio, Video and Image Analysis Unit), 12 Dec. 2016, https://nist.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2016/12/12/vorderbruegge-face.pdf.

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Lance Ulanoff, The iPhone X can’t tell the difference between twins, Mashable UK , 31 Oct. 2017, http://mashable.com/2017/10/31/putting-iphone-x-face-id-to-twin-test/#A87kA26aAqqQ.

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Kif Leswing, Apple says the iPhone X’s facial recognition system isn’t for kids, Business Insider UK , 27 Sept. 2017, http://uk.businessinsider.com/apple-says-the-iphone-xs-face-id-is-less-accurate-on-kids-under-13–2017-9.

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Andy Greenberg, Watch a 10-year-old’s face unlock his mom’s iPhone X, Wired , 14 Nov. 2017, https://wired.com/story/10-year-old-face-id-unlocks-mothers-iphone-x/.

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Bkav’s new mask beats Face ID in “twin way”: severity level raised, do not use Face ID in business transactions , Bkav Corporation, 27 Nov. 2017, http://bkav.com/dt/top-news/-/view_content/content/103968/bkav%EF%BF%BDs-new-mask-beats-face-id-in-twin-way-severity-level-raised-do-not-use-face-id-in-business-transactions.

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Mahmood Sharif, Sruti Bhagavatula, Lujo Bauer and Michael Reiter, Accessorize to a crime: real and stealthy attacks on state-of-the-art face recognition . Работа была представлена на конференции Ассоциации вычислительной техники ACM SIGSAC Conference, 2016, https://cs.cmu.edu/~sbhagava/papers/face-rec-ccs16.pdf.

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Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman, Steven M. Seitz, Daniel Miller and Evan Brossard, The MegaFace Benchmark: 1 Million Faces for Recognition at Scale , Computer Vision Foundation, 2015, https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.00596

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Half of all American adults are in a police face recognition database, new report finds , press release, Georgetown Law, 18 Oct. 2016, https://law.georgetown.edu/news/press-releases/half-of-all-american-adults-are-in-a-police-face-recognition-database-new-report-finds.cfm.

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Josh Chin and Liza Lin, China’s all-seeing surveillance state is reading its citizens’ faces, Wall Street Journal , 6 June 2017, https://wsj.com/articles/the-all-seeing-surveillance-state-feared-in-the-west-is-a-reality-in-china-1498493020.

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Daniel Miller, Evan Brossard, Steven M. Seitz and Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman, The MegaFace: A Million Faces for Recognition at Scale , 2015, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1505.02108.pdf.

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Этот процент говорит о том, сколько истинных совпадений лиц не зафиксировал алгоритм, настроенный на пропуск сомнительных случаев. О том, какие ошибки может совершить алгоритм, подробнее говорится в главе “Правосудие”, а о различных способах оценки точности — в главе “Медицина”.

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Ibid.

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MegaFace and MF2: Million-Scale Face Recognition, Most recent public results , 12 March 2017, http://megaface.cs.washington.edu/; Leading facial recognition platform Tencent YouTu Lab smashes records in MegaFace facial recognition challenge, Cision PR Newswire , 14 April 2017, http://prnewswire.com/news-releases/leading-facial-recognition-platform-tencent-youtu-lab-smashes-records-in-megaface-facial-recognition-challenge-300439812.html.

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Dan Robson, Facial recognition a system problem gamblers can’t beat? TheStar.com, 12 Jan. 2011, https://thestar.com/news/gta/2011/01/12/facial_recognition_a_system_problem_gamblers_cant_beat.html.

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British Retail Consortium, 2016 Retail Crime Survey (London: BRC, Feb. 2017), https://brc.org.uk/media/116348/10081-brc-retail-crime-survey-2016_all-graphics-latest.pdf.

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D&D Daily, The D&D Daily’s 2016 Retail Violent Death Report , 9 March 2017, http://d-ddaily.com/archivesdaily/DailySpecialReport03–09-17F.htm.

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Joan Gurney, Walmart’s use of facial recognition tech to spot shoplifters raises privacy concerns, iQ Metrix , 9 Nov. 2015, http://iqmetrix.com/blog/walmarts-use-of-facial-recognition-tech-to-spot-shoplifters-raises-privacy-concerns.