Jared Diamond - The World Until Yesterday

states, 7, 10–12, 17–18, 19, 353

acceptance of state authority, 98, 148

child-rearing practices, 206–7

religion in, 347–48, 356–57

violence suppression in, 97–99, 115, 148, 286, 288, 290

See also political organization; state justice systems; state warfare

Statistics of Deadly Quarrels (Richardson), 164

stories and storytelling, 285–86, 291–92

oral histories, 478–80

origin myths, 323–24, 345, 346

strangers and stranger contacts, 1–2, 49–50, 51–52, 290

group affiliation and, 50–51, 53–54

political organization and, 11, 16

religious codes and, 357–59, 367 fig. , 368

terms for outsiders, 51

travel and, 37, 49–50, 54–55, 271–72

violence and, 4, 50, 271–72, 290

in WEIRD societies, 1–2, 53

See also group affiliation; territoriality

Strauss, Richard, 239–40, plate 40

sugar, 428–29, 434, 436

suicide, encouraged or assisted, 215–16, 232

supernatural beliefs, 325–26, 329, 330, 338, 341–44, 341 table , 361

as causal explanations, 345–46

intervention by supernatural agents, 329, 331, 345

religious success and, 365–66

See also magic; religion(s); superstitions

superstitions, 342–43, 344, 348, plate 46

Sutton, Peter, 384

swaddling of infants, 185

Sweden, 156, 193

sweet potatoes, 150–51, 298, 300, 301

Switzerland, 156

taboos, 177, 227–29, 298, 339, 348

Talheim pit burial, 134–35

talk and talkativeness, 248, 273–75, 291–92, 299–300, 454

See also stories and storytelling

Tallensi people, 196

Tasmania, language loss in, 398

Tay-Sachs disease, 422

technology and technological change, 18, 348, 381

elders and, 225, 235–36, 237–38

military technology, 142–43, 144

religion and, 348, 350

Teerink, C. G. J., 119

territoriality, 28–29, 37–49, 75

author’s related New Guinea experiences, 37–41, 261–70

borders, 39, 42, 45, 46, plate 34

defenses and patrols, 39, 42, 45, plates 13, 14

defensive fortifications, 135, 150, 152, 291

environmental conditions and, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 155

exclusive territories, 39–41, 41–44, 50

food scarcity and, 302–3

non-exclusive land use, 45–49

trade and, 40, 60–61

warfare and, 127, 130

in Western societies, 48–49, plate 14 , plate 34

See also trade; travel

theft, 94, 158

See also raiding

theodicy, 340, 352, 353, 354

thrifty-gene hypothesis, 442–47

Tillich, Paul, 346

tools, trade in, 68–69 table , 69, 70

Toussaint-Louverture, 138

toys, 204–5, plates 17, 18

trade, 59–75, 76, plates 32, 33

forms and patterns of, 60–61, 65–67, 73–75

geographic knowledge and, 56

language diversity and, 378

luxury objects, 63–64, 67, 68–69 table , 69–70

market economies, 61–65

monopolies, 72–75

multilingualism and, 383–84

social bonds and, 63, 64–65, 73–75

societies lacking, 60

trade items, 62, 64, 67–71, 68–69 table

trading specialists, 62–63, 66

travel restrictions and, 40, 60–61

warfare and, 74, 75, 164–66, 287

traditional dispute resolution, 8, 24–25, 29, 80

civil disputes, 99–102

disadvantages, 115, 116, 117–18

face-to-face, 93, plate 15

goals of, 102–3, 108, 111–12

informal justice in modern states, 7–8, 115

mediation and negotiation, 82–83, 85, 92, 93, 95–96, 100, 116

New Guinea accidental death story, 79–86, 89, 117

overview, 92–97

reconciliation in, 29, 83–84, 88–90, 103, 105, 111–12, 116

social bonds and, 29, 81, 87–90, 101, 105, 115

See also compensation processes; state justice systems

traditional societies

advantages, 457–61

defined, 6

information sources and scholarship, 23–24, 476–81

learning from, 7–9, 32–33, 461–66

maps, 26–27 figs.

risk assessment and tolerance, 270–75, 278, 283

traditional warfare, 25, 29–30, 80, 119–70, 287, plate 36

alliances and, 120, 141–42, 143

ambushes, 120, 122, 137, 141, 144

attitudes about killing, 143–44, 169, 170

battles, 120, 122, 136, 141, plate 36

chronic nature of, 121, 122, 140, 147

demonization of enemies, 120, 125, 159

effects of European contact, 132, 133–34, 148–54

fate of defeated enemies, 141, 146, 158–59

head-hunting and cannibalism, 151, 158–59

massacres, 120, 122, 127, 141, 146

military organization and training, 120, 141, 144–45

mortality rates, 120, 121, 127–28, 139–41

motives for, 87, 143, 147, 157–59

resolution of, 89–90, 147–49

social factors and benefits, 162–63

sources of information about, 131–36, 149–50, 152–54

trade and, 74, 75, 165–66, 287

typical forms and features, 120–21, 136–38, 141

ultimate causes, 159–63

unplanned escalations of violence, 138

unsuspected enemies, 54–55

viewed as inefficient, 121, 144–45

vs. state warfare, 140–47

war games, 202–3

weapons and military technology, 121, 135, 142, 144, 150, 151

who is affected by, 120, 140–41, 144, 146, 165–67

See also Dani warfare; raiding

travel, 1–2, 4–5, 29, 37, 48–49, plate 14

in enemy territories, 49–50, 54–55, 271–72

friendship and, 29, 53

geographic knowledge and, 29, 54–56

trade and, 40, 60–61

See also territoriality

treachery, 137–38, 290–91

tree hazards, 243–44, 279, 280, 285, plate 42

trespassing. See territoriality

tribes, 15–16, 18

Trobriand Islanders, 17, 26 fig.

child discipline, 195–96, 202

food sharing and storage, 301, 303, 309 table

trade, 66–67, 68 table , 75

Trojan War, 143, 158

Tswana people, 287

Tuareg people, 166

Tumu, Akii, 479

Turnbull, Colin, 205–6

Type-1 diabetes, 430–31, 441, 442

Type-2 diabetes, 32, 430, 431

See also diabetes

Ubykh language, 395, 397

uncontacted peoples, 56–57

See also first contacts

Under the Mountain Wall (Matthiessen), 120

United States

bilingualism in, 386–87, 400

communes in, 362–63

elders in, 223–27, plate 24

homicide rates, 288

Indian language losses, 397, 398, 399, 406

minority languages in, 400

monolingualism in, 370, 383, 400

risk assessment and tolerance, 277, 317–18, 319

salt intake, 416

sugar intake, 428–29

Vanuatu, 371, 377

Vaupés River Indians, 385–86

vengeance. See revenge

Verdi, Giuseppe, 240, plate 41

vervet monkeys, 337

vigilantism, 98–99, 107, 109, plate 35

violence, 29, 271–72, 277–78, 286–92

among war-free peoples, 156–57

feuds, 89, 95–96

language differences and, 403–4

protective measures, 290–92

religious codes of peaceful behavior, 358–59

state suppression of, 97–99, 115, 148, 286, 288, 290

stranger contacts and, 4, 50, 290

unplanned escalations of, 138, 289

vigilantism, 98–99, 107, 109

vs. warfare, 129–30

when dispute resolution fails, 97

See also killing(s); warfare

vitamin deficiencies, 299

Vogt, Evon, 327 table

Voltaire, 359