Jared Diamond - The World Until Yesterday

See also violence; warfare

Fiji, 151, 210

Finland, 162–63, 421, 427

First Contact (Connolly and Anderson), 57, 58

first contacts, 56–59, 263, 480–81, plate 29

with New Guineans, 2, 57–59, 119, plates 30, 31

fish, electricity-producing, 334–36

food

disputes over, 93

trade in, 68–69 table , 70, 71, 72

food acquisition, 10, 187, 203, 205, 218, 278, 282–84

See also hunting

food availability

burdensome elders and, 214, 217

fluctuations in, 299, 300–303, 307–8

gluttony and, 443–44, 444 table

language diversity and, 379

thrifty-gene hypothesis, 442–47

warfare and, 150–51, 160

weaning and, 180

See also food scarcity

food production

political organization and, 16, 19, 356

population size/density and, 10, 12, 13, 19

See also farming

food scarcity, 277, 298–316, 445

aggregation and dispersal and, 310, 315–16

diabetes and the thrifty-gene hypothesis, 442–49

diet broadening, 310, 313–15

field scattering and, 303–6

food sharing mechanisms, 300–303

infanticide and, 177

infectious diseases and, 292

malnourishment and starvation, 292, 298–300, 308

seasonal fluctuations, 307–8

storage and preservation methods, 300, 309 table , 310–13, 416

food taboos, 227–28

foraging. See food acquisition

Fore language, 7, 273, 274

Fore people, 16, 26 fig. , 94–95, 271–72, 273–74, 300

France and the French, 140, 146–47, 156, 319

Breton language, 399, 465

Frazer, James, 327 table

French language, 381, 401

in Canada, 375, 403, 404, 409

Freud, Sigmund, 175

friendship, 49, 51–53

Frisian language, 404, 408–9

functional change, 334–36

of religion, 344–45, 367–68, 367 fig.

gambling, 350

Gammage, Bill, 58

Ganesan, A., 441

garden farmers, 14

See also Dani people; Machiguenga Indians; New Guinea and New Guinean peoples

Gardner, Robert, 120

Geertz, Clifford, 328 table

Geimer, Samantha, 110

genetic factors

diabetes, 431–32, 434, 436–37, 441–49

elder treatment, 212–13

in evolution, 333–34

hypertension, 421–22, 424–25

in warfare, 155–57

geographic knowledge, 29, 54–56, 75

geography

language diversity and, 376–82

See also environmental conditions

German language, 373, 375

Germany, 156

before World War II, 102, 130, 161, 165

infant and child care, 190–91, 193

military technology, 142

Talheim pit burial, 134–35

war mortality, 139–40, 319

gift-giving, 61, 62, 65–67, 94

gluttony, 444, 445, plate 27

Goetz, Bernhard, 107

Goland, Carol, 304, 305–6

Goldman, Ron, 112

Goodale, Jane, 91, 216, 284

gossip, 274

government. See political organization; states

Grady, Mark, 107–8

grandparents, 187, 188, 218, 236–37

See also elders

Great Basin Shoshone Indians, 27 fig. , 47–48, 156, 315–16

food storage, 309 table , 310, 311, 315–16

Great Plains Indians, 151, 309 table , 311

See also specific groups

Greenland Inuit, 156, 381

Greenland Norse, 290, 308

Gretzky, Wayne, 270, 283

group affiliation, 16, 49–54, 75–76, 343

language and, 376, 407–8

religions as social groups, 329, 330, 331, 332, 343–44, 363, 368

territoriality and, 43, 45, 47, 50–51

See also enemies; friends; social bonds; strangers

Guarani language, 398

Guns, Germs, and Steel (Diamond), 19

Gwembe Tonga farmers, 314

Hadza people, 26 fig. , 188, 200, 218, plates 5, 21

Haitian revolution, 138

Handwerker, W. Penn, 347

Harvard Baliem Valley expedition, 119–20, 122, 132, 153

Harvard investments, 307, plate 45

head-hunting, 151, 158–59

healers (shamans), 297–98, 339, 348, 355–56

health, 24, 31–32, 410–51

Alzheimer’s disease, 392–95

of elders, 231

infections, 281–82

learning from traditional societies, 414, 462, 465

See also diabetes; disease(s); hypertension; mortality

Hebrews, ancient, 229, 230

Heider, Karl, 59, 120, 127, 203

Heine, Steven, 8

Henrich, Joseph, 8

herding societies, 15, 16, 19

children in, 194, 195–96, 198

elders in, 229, 230

food and food storage, 301, 309 table , 311

See also specific groups

hermits, 330, 353

Hewlett, Bonnie, 456

high blood pressure. See hypertension

Hill, Kim, 178

See also Ache Indians

Hindi, 372

hippopotamus, 280

Holmberg, Allan, 60, 179, 215, 297, 444 table

Hopi Indians, 214

horses, 158

Howell, Nancy, 178–79, 212, 287, 288

Hrdy, Sarah Blaffer, 191

Huangdi neijing suwen , 418

hunter-gatherer societies, 7, 353

breast-feeding and birth intervals, 179–81, 182–83

child autonomy, 196–200

child care, 187–88

child punishment, 194–95

egalitarianism, 13, 14, 197, 198

food acquisition and scarcity, 187, 301, 309 table , 315–16

infant-parent contact, 181–82, 184

information sources and quality, 478

multi-age playgroups, 201–2

political organization and, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17–18

war in, 139, 156

See also nomadism; specific peoples

hunting, 348

children’s training, 203–4, 205–6, 349

hazards of, 271, 272–73, 278, 279 table , 280, 281, 284–85

salt intake and, 415

territoriality and, 42–43

uncertainty of success, 300–303

Hurtado, A. Magdalena, 178

See also Ache Indians

Hutterite colonies, 363

hyenas, 154–55

hygiene, 293–94, 296–97

hypertension, 4, 31, 32, 292, 411, 417–28

causes, 421–25

salt intake and, 417–21, 423–25

Iceland Norse, 290

Icelandic language, 401

identity. See group affiliation

Iliad, 143

independence, 224

child autonomy, 173–74, 188–89, 192, 196–200, 205, 208–9

India

diabetes in, 430, 431, 433, 437, 438 table , 440–41, 450

language diversity, 371, 401

individualism, 91–92, 224, 457

Indonesia, 396

Indonesian New Guinea, 5

See also New Guinea

Indonesian traders, 67

inequality, 12, 13, 17, 18, 481

child-rearing and, 194, 198

religion and, 353

See also egalitarianism; power relationships

infanticide, 177–79, 286, 287

infants. See children

infections, 281–82

infectious diseases, 292, 293–96, 412, 435

insect bites, 281–82

Inuit, 228, 315, 341 table

elder treatment, 214, 215

expansion and language diversity, 381, 386

hunting and environmental hazards, 272–73, 278, 279 table

traditional food storage, 309 table

See also Alaska North Slope Inuit; Iñupiat; other specific groups

Iñupiat (northwest Alaska Inuit), 16, 189, 303, plate 9

map, 27 fig.

territoriality, 42, 44

trade, 66, 67, 74–75

warfare, 146, 152

Ireland, 230, 448

Irian Jaya, 5

See also New Guinea

Irish language, 401

Irons, William, 327 table

Ishi, 398, 456, plate 29

Islam, 341 table , 352, 357, 364