See also violence; warfare
Fiji, 151, 210
Finland, 162–63, 421, 427
First Contact (Connolly and Anderson), 57, 58
first contacts, 56–59, 263, 480–81, plate 29
with New Guineans, 2, 57–59, 119, plates 30, 31
fish, electricity-producing, 334–36
food
disputes over, 93
trade in, 68–69 table , 70, 71, 72
food acquisition, 10, 187, 203, 205, 218, 278, 282–84
See also hunting
food availability
burdensome elders and, 214, 217
fluctuations in, 299, 300–303, 307–8
gluttony and, 443–44, 444 table
language diversity and, 379
thrifty-gene hypothesis, 442–47
warfare and, 150–51, 160
weaning and, 180
See also food scarcity
food production
political organization and, 16, 19, 356
population size/density and, 10, 12, 13, 19
See also farming
food scarcity, 277, 298–316, 445
aggregation and dispersal and, 310, 315–16
diabetes and the thrifty-gene hypothesis, 442–49
diet broadening, 310, 313–15
field scattering and, 303–6
food sharing mechanisms, 300–303
infanticide and, 177
infectious diseases and, 292
malnourishment and starvation, 292, 298–300, 308
seasonal fluctuations, 307–8
storage and preservation methods, 300, 309 table , 310–13, 416
food taboos, 227–28
foraging. See food acquisition
Fore language, 7, 273, 274
Fore people, 16, 26 fig. , 94–95, 271–72, 273–74, 300
France and the French, 140, 146–47, 156, 319
Breton language, 399, 465
Frazer, James, 327 table
French language, 381, 401
in Canada, 375, 403, 404, 409
Freud, Sigmund, 175
friendship, 49, 51–53
Frisian language, 404, 408–9
functional change, 334–36
of religion, 344–45, 367–68, 367 fig.
gambling, 350
Gammage, Bill, 58
Ganesan, A., 441
garden farmers, 14
See also Dani people; Machiguenga Indians; New Guinea and New Guinean peoples
Gardner, Robert, 120
Geertz, Clifford, 328 table
Geimer, Samantha, 110
genetic factors
diabetes, 431–32, 434, 436–37, 441–49
elder treatment, 212–13
in evolution, 333–34
hypertension, 421–22, 424–25
in warfare, 155–57
geographic knowledge, 29, 54–56, 75
geography
language diversity and, 376–82
See also environmental conditions
German language, 373, 375
Germany, 156
before World War II, 102, 130, 161, 165
infant and child care, 190–91, 193
military technology, 142
Talheim pit burial, 134–35
war mortality, 139–40, 319
gift-giving, 61, 62, 65–67, 94
gluttony, 444, 445, plate 27
Goetz, Bernhard, 107
Goland, Carol, 304, 305–6
Goldman, Ron, 112
Goodale, Jane, 91, 216, 284
gossip, 274
government. See political organization; states
Grady, Mark, 107–8
grandparents, 187, 188, 218, 236–37
See also elders
Great Basin Shoshone Indians, 27 fig. , 47–48, 156, 315–16
food storage, 309 table , 310, 311, 315–16
Great Plains Indians, 151, 309 table , 311
See also specific groups
Greenland Inuit, 156, 381
Greenland Norse, 290, 308
Gretzky, Wayne, 270, 283
group affiliation, 16, 49–54, 75–76, 343
language and, 376, 407–8
religions as social groups, 329, 330, 331, 332, 343–44, 363, 368
territoriality and, 43, 45, 47, 50–51
See also enemies; friends; social bonds; strangers
Guarani language, 398
Guns, Germs, and Steel (Diamond), 19
Gwembe Tonga farmers, 314
Hadza people, 26 fig. , 188, 200, 218, plates 5, 21
Haitian revolution, 138
Handwerker, W. Penn, 347
Harvard Baliem Valley expedition, 119–20, 122, 132, 153
Harvard investments, 307, plate 45
head-hunting, 151, 158–59
healers (shamans), 297–98, 339, 348, 355–56
health, 24, 31–32, 410–51
Alzheimer’s disease, 392–95
of elders, 231
infections, 281–82
learning from traditional societies, 414, 462, 465
See also diabetes; disease(s); hypertension; mortality
Hebrews, ancient, 229, 230
Heider, Karl, 59, 120, 127, 203
Heine, Steven, 8
Henrich, Joseph, 8
herding societies, 15, 16, 19
children in, 194, 195–96, 198
elders in, 229, 230
food and food storage, 301, 309 table , 311
See also specific groups
hermits, 330, 353
Hewlett, Bonnie, 456
high blood pressure. See hypertension
Hill, Kim, 178
See also Ache Indians
Hindi, 372
hippopotamus, 280
Holmberg, Allan, 60, 179, 215, 297, 444 table
Hopi Indians, 214
horses, 158
Howell, Nancy, 178–79, 212, 287, 288
Hrdy, Sarah Blaffer, 191
Huangdi neijing suwen , 418
hunter-gatherer societies, 7, 353
breast-feeding and birth intervals, 179–81, 182–83
child autonomy, 196–200
child care, 187–88
child punishment, 194–95
egalitarianism, 13, 14, 197, 198
food acquisition and scarcity, 187, 301, 309 table , 315–16
infant-parent contact, 181–82, 184
information sources and quality, 478
multi-age playgroups, 201–2
political organization and, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17–18
war in, 139, 156
See also nomadism; specific peoples
hunting, 348
children’s training, 203–4, 205–6, 349
hazards of, 271, 272–73, 278, 279 table , 280, 281, 284–85
salt intake and, 415
territoriality and, 42–43
uncertainty of success, 300–303
Hurtado, A. Magdalena, 178
See also Ache Indians
Hutterite colonies, 363
hyenas, 154–55
hygiene, 293–94, 296–97
hypertension, 4, 31, 32, 292, 411, 417–28
causes, 421–25
salt intake and, 417–21, 423–25
Iceland Norse, 290
Icelandic language, 401
identity. See group affiliation
Iliad, 143
independence, 224
child autonomy, 173–74, 188–89, 192, 196–200, 205, 208–9
India
diabetes in, 430, 431, 433, 437, 438 table , 440–41, 450
language diversity, 371, 401
individualism, 91–92, 224, 457
Indonesia, 396
Indonesian New Guinea, 5
See also New Guinea
Indonesian traders, 67
inequality, 12, 13, 17, 18, 481
child-rearing and, 194, 198
religion and, 353
See also egalitarianism; power relationships
infanticide, 177–79, 286, 287
infants. See children
infections, 281–82
infectious diseases, 292, 293–96, 412, 435
insect bites, 281–82
Inuit, 228, 315, 341 table
elder treatment, 214, 215
expansion and language diversity, 381, 386
hunting and environmental hazards, 272–73, 278, 279 table
traditional food storage, 309 table
See also Alaska North Slope Inuit; Iñupiat; other specific groups
Iñupiat (northwest Alaska Inuit), 16, 189, 303, plate 9
map, 27 fig.
territoriality, 42, 44
trade, 66, 67, 74–75
warfare, 146, 152
Ireland, 230, 448
Irian Jaya, 5
See also New Guinea
Irish language, 401
Irons, William, 327 table
Ishi, 398, 456, plate 29
Islam, 341 table , 352, 357, 364
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