Jared Diamond - The World Until Yesterday

conversation. See talk

Cornish language, 408

Costa Rica, 155–56

Cowgill, Donald, 221–22, 223, 230

cows, disputes over, 158

Nuer raiding, 44, 137, 139, 146, 158, 165

cradle boards, 184, 185–86

creationism, 345–46

Crespí, Juan, 133

criminal justice, 99, 108–14, 117, 118, 167

Cro-Magnons, 60, 64, 68 table , 340, plate 25

crocodiles, 280, plate 43

Crow Indians, 215, 341 table

crowd diseases, 294–96

crying infants, 190–92, 208

cultural diversity, 7, 20–23, 28

culture

elders as stewards of, 213, 219–20, 235, 237–38

language and, 370, 405, 406, 407–8

dangers, 24, 30–31, 276–319, 464

attitudes about fear, 284–85

children’s exposure to, 173–74, 193, 197–200

dangerous animals, 199, 200, 271, 279 table , 280, 282–83, 285, 286, plate 43

thrill-seeking, 318–19

travel and stranger encounters, 49–50, 54–55, 271–72

types and impacts, 245, 270–71, 276–78, plates 42, 43, 44

See also accidents; constructive paranoia; disease(s); environmental hazards; food scarcity; risk; violence

Dani people, 16, 55, 119, 416, plate 1

children’s play, 203, 204

map, 26 fig.

territoriality, 42, plate 13

trade, 66, 68 table , 71–72, 73

Dani warfare, 15, 54–55, 119–28, 165, plate 36

features of, 120–21, 143–44, 145, 146

mortality rates, 127–28, 139, plate 36

time-line, 121–27

Danish language, 402–3

Daribi people, 16, 26 fig. , 68 table , 70, 297–98, 308

Dead Birds (film), 120

death

religion and, 329, 351–52

See also mortality

death penalty, 110

Dennett, Daniel, 327 table

diabetes, 4, 31, 292–93, 413, 427–49

in Europeans, 438 table , 447–49

genetic factors, 431–32, 434, 436–37, 441–47

in India, 430, 431, 433, 437, 438 table , 440–41, 450

Nauru Islanders, 435–37, 439 table , 446, 449

Pima Indians, 434–35, 439 table

rates of, 429–30, 433, 438–39 table , 447

risk factors, 417, 431–34

types of, 430–31

Wanigela people, 411, 439 table

dialects, 372–74

diet

diabetes and, 429, 430, 432–33, 434, 440, 443

food availability and, 310, 313–15, 316

hypertension and, 417–21, 423–25

learning from traditional societies, 462, 465

salt intake, 415–17, 425–28

sugar and carbohydrates intake, 428–29

Westernized, non-communicable diseases and, 413–14, 432–33, 449–50

See also food entries

Dingane, 137

Dingiswayo, 148

Dinka people, 44, 54, 137, 139, 146, 158

disease(s), 292–96, 353, 412, 435

food scarcity and, 299

responses to, 296–98, 339

Western lifestyle adoption and, 411–14, 432–33, 449–50

See also diabetes; hypertension

dispersal and aggregation, 291, 310, 315–16

dispute resolution, 160, 466, plates 15, 16

attribution of fault, 96, 102–3

by fighting, 95

international disputes, 101–2

See also state justice systems; traditional dispute resolution; warfare

divorce, 90–91, 105–6

dowsing, 342, 350–51, plate 46

Driver, Daniel, 98, 109

drowning, 281

Dugum Dani people. See Dani people

Durkheim, Émile, 327 table , 328

Dwyer, Michael, 57

Eaton, S. Boyd, 414, 450

Eble, Mary, 113

economic specialization, 10, 11, 15, 16–17, 18

trade specialists, 62–63, 66

education

educational play, 202–6

formal, 200–201, 205, 235, 399, 401

storytelling as, 285–86

Efe Pygmies, 187, 188, 191

egalitarianism, 12, 13, 14, 197

child-rearing and, 194, 197, 198

religion and, 353

elders, 24, 30, 210–40

abandonment, neglect, or killing of, 213, 214–17, 286

Alzheimer’s disease and multilingualism, 392–95

as children’s care-givers, 187, 188, 218

as cultural stewards, 213, 219–20, 235, 237–38

defining old age, 211

learning from traditional societies, 236–40, 465–66

modern trends affecting, 231–36

social reinforcement of elder authority, 227–31

social values and elders’ status, 221–27

talents, strengths and weaknesses of, 238–40, plates 40, 41

usefulness of, 212, 217–20, 221, 224, 225–26, 232, 235–39, plate 22

widowhood, 233

See also life expectancies

electricity-producing fish, 334–36

Ember, Carol, 161

Ember, Melvin, 161

emotional security, 180–81, 192, 208–9

enemies, 49

defeated, fate of, 141, 146, 158–59

demonization of, 120, 125, 159, 168–70

religion and, 352, 358–59, 366

unsuspected, travel and, 54–55

See also killing(s); strangers; territoriality; violence; warfare

Enga people, 26 fig. , 68 table , 75, 479–80

England, 304, 306, 311–12

See also Britain

English language, 372, 373–74, 379–80, 395, 400, 401, 407–8

environmental conditions

evolution and, 334

language diversity and, 378

salt intake and, 420

territoriality and, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 155

trade patterns and, 71–72

travel/geographic knowledge and, 55–56

warfare and, 155, 156, 160, 161–62

environmental hazards, 277–78, plates 42, 43, 44

avoidance and vigilance, 243–44, 282–86

child autonomy and, 198–200

Erikson, Erik, 174–75

Esen, Tevfik, 397

Eurasian peoples, 26 fig. , 309 table , 311

See also specific groups

Europe

aggregation and dispersal cycles, 315

child punishment, 193, 194

criminal punishment, 110, 111, 118

diabetes rates, 438 table , 447–49

dialects, 373–74

elder treatment, 223–24

food in, 309 table , 416–17, 448–49

homicide rates, 288

language diversity and loss, 371, 396, 399

multilingualism, 383

See also specific countries and languages

European contact. See first contacts

European expansion and colonialism, 14, 18, 22, 57, 132

anthropological studies and, 477–78

effects on violence, 132, 133–34, 148–54, 288–89

language diversity and, 380, 398

wars of conquest, 144, 360

euthanasia, 232

Evans-Pritchard, E. E., 53, 95, 158, 301

Everett, Daniel, 176–77, 188, 194–95, 197, 198, 444 table , 479

executive control, multilingualism and, 388–89, 391

exogamy, 43, 76, 291

linguistic, 384, 385

Explorations into Highland New Guinea (Leahy), 58

Eyak language, 397, 408, plate 47

famines. See food scarcity

farming, 7, 10, 19, 303–6

See also food production

farming societies, 14, 15, 16, 348, 353

aggregation and dispersal cycles, 315–16

children in, 180, 194, 195, 198

elder authority, 229, 230

food sharing and storage, 301, 309 table , 311

infectious diseases, 295

language diversity, 379, 380–81

war in, 139, 156

See also specific groups

Faroese language, 401

fathers, 178, 186–87

Fayu people, 26 fig. , 133, 279 table , 297–98, 480–81

warfare, 132, 133, 134, 165

feasting, 137, 291, 303, plates 26, 27

feuds, 89, 95–96, 129–30, 131

fighting, 95, 138, 286, 289, 290