Jared Diamond - The World Until Yesterday

Israel, 363, 433, 438 table , 449

Israeli sand rat, 446–47

Italian language, 373, 374

Italy, 221–22, 428

Jackson, Jean, 385

jaguars, 280, 285

James, William, 327 table

Japan, 221, 231, 396, 399

diabetes in, 442

Pearl Harbor attack, 169–70

salt intake in, 419, 420, 421, 426–27

war mortality, 127, 140, plate 37

Japanese language, 372, 396, 399

Jones, Marie Smith, 397

Judaism, 330, 341 table , 358, 360, 363, 364

juvenile-onset diabetes, 430–31, 441, 442

Kafka, Franz, 11–12

Kalahari Desert, 302–3

See also !Kung people

Kamchatkans, 68 table

kangaroos, 183

Kaulong people, 16, 26 fig. , 62, 284, 297–98

children, 91, 177, 204

elder treatment, 21, 216

environmental hazards, 278, 279 table

food availability, 308, 314–15

hunting superstitions, 339

Keeley, Lawrence, 139, 150, 165

Keen, Ian, 477

Kennedy, Edward, 105

kibbutzim, 363

kidney disease, 412, 417, 450

kidney function, 424–25, 429

killing(s), 131, 398

among the !Kung, 286–90

infanticide, 177–79, 286, 287

Kaulong widow strangling, 21, 216

of old people, 215–17, 232

psychology of, 142–43, 168–69

revenge killings, 84–85, 95, 271–72, 289–90

See also mortality; violence; warfare

Kirghiz people, 16, 26 fig.

Knight, Frank, 67

König, Hans, 134

Konner, Melvin, 276, 414, 450, 478

Kopechne, Mary Jo, 105

Korean food preservation, 309 table , 313

Korean language, 399

Kovács, Ágnes, 391

Kuegler, Doris, 133

Kuegler, Klaus, 133, 134

Kuegler, Sabine, 133, 276–77, 480–81

!Kung people, 14, 18, 26 fig. , 93, 273, plate 6

breast-feeding and weaning, 179–80, 180–81, 182

child autonomy, 199

child punishment, 194, 195

childbirth, 176, 178–79

disease among, 292, 297

elders, 212, 214, 218, 221, 229, 237

environmental hazards, 278, 280, 281, 283–84

food scarcity, 300–301, 302–3, 308, 313–14, 316

group affiliation, 47, 50–51

hunting, 271, 276, 282, 284–85, 349–50

infant-adult contact, 184

infant care, 191–92

infanticide, 178–79, 286, 287

sources of information about, 478, 479

territoriality, 46–47, 50–51

trade, 66, 68 table , 70, 74

violence, 286–90

warfare, 151–52, 156, 287, 288

Kurita, Takeo, 217

Kutenai Indians, 215

Lahey, Joanna, 223

land use

field scattering, 303–6

non-exclusive, 45–49

property rights of elders, 229–30

See also territoriality

language diversity, 31, 371–82, 395–96

evolution of, 374–76

geographic variation, 376–82

multilingualism and, 385–86

New Guinea, 3–4, 7, 28, 371–72, 374, 377, 378–79, 381–82

in origin myths, 324, 346

value of, 404–8

viewed as harmful, 371, 386–87, 399, 402–4

See also language loss

language learning, 385, 386, 387, 400–401, 463

language loss, 370–71, 395–409

geographic variations, 397–98

mechanisms of, 398–401

preventing, 408–9

rates of, 396–97

See also language diversity

language(s), 24, 369–409

culture and, 370, 405, 406, 407–8

dialects, 372–74

evolution of, 374–76

group affiliation and, 376

language expansion, 21–22, 380–81, 386

language giants, 371–72, 379–80

speech community sizes, 372, 379, 385

state languages, 401, 404

terms for outsiders, 51

warfare and, 164, 165

See also language diversity; multilingualism; writing; specific areas and languages

Lapps, 215

Lascaux cave, 340, plate 25

Latin America. See South America; specific countries and peoples

Latin language, 396

laws, 99, 108

Leahy, Daniel, 57, plate 30

Leahy-Dwyer patrol, 57–58, plates 30, 31

Leahy, Michael, 57, 58

LeBlanc, Steven, 130

Leclerc, Charles, 138

Lee, Richard, 74, 286–88, 301, 302–3

leopards, 280

Lessa, William, 327 table

Lewis, David, 216

life expectancies, 211–12, 231, 233, 245, 277, 353

lightning, 281

lions, 154–55, 271, 280

Lissmann, Hans, 335

livestock, 157, 158, 229, 295, 313

See also animal domestication; cows; herding societies

Maasai people, 446

Machiguenga Indians, 15, 27 fig. , 48, 156

Madagascar, 200

magic, 297–98, 348–49, 350

sorcery, 159, 249–50

Mailu Islanders, 17, 26 fig. , 67, 72–73, 203

Malai Island, 59–60

Siassi traders, 59–60, 61, 66, 67, 68 table , 75

malaria, 292, 294, 297, 412

Malinowski, Bronislaw, 72, 195–96, 348–49

mammal young, 183, 186

Mandan Indians, 398

Mandarin Chinese, 372, 405

mandatory retirement, 223–24, 234, 239

manufactured goods

made by old people, 218–19, plate 22

material goods in WEIRD societies, 456, 459, 460–61

traditional trade in, 68–69 table , 69–70, 72–73

Maori language, 404, 409

Maori people, 135, 144, 150–51, 309 table , 311, 312

Mapuche Indians, 439 table

Marind people, 158

market economies, 61–65

marriage, 8, 228–29

divorce, 90–91, 105–6

exogamy, 43, 76, 291, 457

husband-wife conflict, 93, 94, 100

linguistic exogamy, 384, 385

marriage partner trades, 70

neolocal households, 222, 223, 233

patrilocal households, 166–67, 222–23, 291

warfare between groups who intermarry, 165, 166–67

Marshall, Lorna, 51

Martu people, 197, 200

Marx, Karl, 12, 328 table , 357

massacres, 120, 122, 127, 134–35, 141, 146

Matthiessen, Peter, 54, 120

Mauritius, 438 table , 440

Mayan wall paintings, 136

Mbuti Pygmies, 26 fig. , 205–6, 308

Mead, Margaret, 478

mediation, 82–83, 85, 92, 93, 96, 100

in state justice systems, 100, 105–8, 116, 466

Mehler, Jacques, 391

men

aging and life expectancy, 233

as hunters, 278

older men and young wives, 228–29

Mesa Verde, 135

Mexico, 221–22, 401

mineral deficiencies, 299

Minong people, 26 fig.

minority languages

value of, 404–8

viewed as harmful, 371, 386–87, 399, 402–4

See also language diversity; language loss

missionaries, 56, 57–58, 92

Mohan, V., 437, 441

money

market economies, 61–65

traditional equivalents, 62, 65, 158

See also affluence; compensation processes; poverty

monkeys, 183, 295, 337

monolingualism, 370, 382, 385–92, 400

viewed as beneficial, 371, 386–87, 399, 402–4

See also multilingualism

monopolies (trade), 72–74

moral codes

against killing, 142–43, 168

against revenge, 167

religion and, 329, 353, 357–59, 367 fig.

Mormonism, 325, 331, 341 table , 365, 366

mortality

accidental death causes, 278–82, 279 table

communicable diseases and infection, 292–96

death rates and religious success, 364

infants and children, 176–77, 179, 180, 218, 231, 290

malnourishment and starvation, 299

non-communicable diseases, 412

state warfare, 127, 128, 139–41, plate 37

traditional warfare, 120, 121, 127–28, 139–41, plate 36