Roger Moorhouse - The Devils' Alliance - Hitler's Pact with Stalin, 1939-1941

204 “Our association with Moscow must be governed”: Fröhlich, op. cit., 8:418.

204 stationing German troops in Finland: The troops in question were predominantly located in supply bases along the route leading to the northern tip of German-occupied Norway.

204 “not a word in the agreements”: DGFP, Series D, Vol. XI, 550–553.

205 “no power on earth which could oppose”: Ibid., 554.

205 in her dealings with the Baltic states: Hans-Adolf Jacobsen, ed., The Halder War Diary, 1939–1945 (London: Greenhill, 1988), 282.

205 “a strain on German-Russian relations”: DGFP, Series D, Vol. XI, 556.

205 “solution of these problems”: Ibid., 558–559.

205 “Let’s divide the whole world”: Chuev and Resis, op. cit., 18.

206 Bulgaria had requested any such guarantee: DGFP, Series D, Vol. XI, 559–560.

206 “she would not need the Straits for that”: Ibid., 561.

206 “the main event”: Schmidt, Statist, op. cit., 523.

206 “I persisted. I wore him down”: Chuev and Resis, op. cit., 16.

206 “the main issues”: DGFP, Series D, Vol. XI, 562.

207 said his good-byes, and left: Berezhkov, History, op. cit., 42. A similar version of this exchange is related in the record of postwar interviews with Molotov; Chuev and Resis, op. cit.

207 “Under Lenin’s gaze”: Schmidt, Statist, op. cit., 524.

208 respect one another’s spheres of influence: DGFP, Series D, Vol. XI, 564–565.

208 in line with Soviet interests: Ibid., 565.

208 “to find a way out of the difficulties”: Quoted in Ribbentrop, op. cit., 319.

209 coming back to his “decisive question”: DGFP, Series D, Vol. XI, 566–569.

209 “Though not invited to join in the discussion”: Winston S. Churchill, Their Finest Hour (New York: Bantam Books, 1949), 516.

209 center of the city was targeted: Berlin Air Raid records, reproduced in Wieland Giebel and Sven Felix Kellerhof, eds., Als die Tage zu Nächten wurden (Berlin: Giebel Verlag, 2003), 217.

209 “why are we in this shelter”: The official DGFP record of the discussion makes no mention of this last exchange, and neither does the memoir of the interpreter present, Gustav Hilger. First mention of it comes, via Stalin, from Churchill, op. cit., 518. It is considered by some to be apocryphal.

209 to see his Soviet counterpart off: Berezhkov, History , op. cit., 42.

209 found it difficult to interrupt Hitler: Sergo Beria, Beria, My Father: Inside Stalin’s Kremlin (London: Duckworth, 2001), 63.

210 “swollen-headed and puffed-up”: Gorodetsky, op. cit., 76.

210 ought to have been more accommodating: Beria, op. cit., 63.

210 “some hope of action on the part of Russia”: Quoted in Walter Warlimont, Inside Hitler’s Headquarters (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1964), 113.

210 “destruction of the power of Russia”: Ibid., 135.

211 “no carefully thought-out plan”: Ibid., 135.

211 “If the plan succeeds”: Jacobsen, op. cit., 260.

211 “It is argued that without liquidating”: Ernst von Weizsäcker, quoted in Gorodetsky, op. cit., 70.

211 “Political discussions for the purpose of clarifying”: H. R. Trevor-Roper, ed., Hitler’s War Directives, 1939–1945 (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1964), 86.

212 “pushed into the background”: Jacobsen, op. cit., 286.

213 “appreciate a statement of the German view”: DGFP, Series D, Vol. XI, 714–715.

213 “We have already achieved a lot together”: Quoted in Ribbentrop, op. cit., 320.

214 Berlin expressing its “astonishment”: Quoted in Gorodetsky, op. cit., 85.

216 with a fistfight breaking out: “Fresh Tension Reported,” New York Times , January 1, 1941, 4.

216 “to crush Soviet Russia”: Trevor-Roper, op. cit., 95.

217 would crown his career: See William Brumfield, Landmarks of Russian Architecture (Australia: Gordon & Breach, 1997), 230

218 British raids on Berlin and the Ruhr: Pravda, December 22, 1940, 5.

218 touring positions on the French coast: Pravda, December 25, 1940, 6; December 28, 1940, 5.

218 expected to attend: The list of participants for the conference is available at http://militera.lib.ru/docs/da/sov-new-1940/90.html.

219 “Results were generally satisfactory”: General M. I. Kazakov, quoted in Seweryn Bialer, ed., Stalin and His Generals: Soviet Military Memoirs of World War II (London: Souvenir Press, 1970), 139.

219 revealed “major shortcomings”: Text of Meretskov’s presentation is at http://militera.lib.ru/docs/da/sov-new-1940/02.htmland Russian State Military Archive (hereafter “RSMA”), f. 4, Op. 18, 55, l. 3–45.

219 “energetic, decisive and bold offensive operations”: RSMA, f. 4. Op. 18, 56, l. 1–52.

220 recognizing the “chief trends”: Georgy Zhukov, Reminiscences and Reflections (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1985), 1:220–221.

220 “exaggerating the success of foreign armies”: RSMA, f. 4. Op. 18, 56, l. 85–92.

220 “like a kennel of mad dogs”: Nikita Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers (London: André Deutsch, 1971), 145–146.

220 “The Use of Mechanised Forces in Offensive Operations”: RSMA, f. 4, Op. 18, 59, l. 1–41.

221 “Defence is not the decisive means”: Quoted in Geoffrey Roberts, Stalin’s Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939–1953 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006), 71.

221 “boundless loyalty to the party of Lenin”: The text of Timoshenko’s speech is at http://militera.lib.ru/docs/da/sov-new-1940/88.html.

221 anonymous tip about the Führer’s aggressive intentions: Gabriel Gorodetsky, Grand Delusion: Stalin and the German Invasion of Russia (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999), 124.

221 “War will be declared”: Quoted in ibid., 125.

221 “completed its full deployment”: Ibid., 125–126.

221 he had become “unhinged”: Simon Sebag Montefiore, Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2006), 302.

222 described antitank artillery as “rubbish”: Ibid., 295.

222 “For the time being, we should refrain”: Zhukov, op. cit., 224.

222 “victory in war will be won”: Ibid., 224.

222 “The government carries out a program”: Quoted in Bialer, op. cit., 144.

223 possible that this stayed his hand: Sebag Montefiore, ibid., 296.

223 establishment of three front headquarters: Geoffrey Roberts, Stalin’s General: The Life of Georgy Zhukov (London: Icon, 2012), 91–92, 97.

224 outline of the “special tasks”: Quoted in H. R. Trevor-Roper, ed., Hitler’s War Directives, 1939–1945 (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1964), 129, and http://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/12–10–45.asp, 339.

224 Hitler would have to be mad: Albert Seaton, Stalin as Warlord (London: Batsford, 1976), 94.

225 drag the politicians in Berlin unwillingly into war: Ibid., 95.

225 “If we show restraint”: Valentin Berezhkov, At Stalin’s Side (New York: Carol, 1994), 53.

225 a potentially provocative gesture: Zhukov, op. cit., 234.

225 twenty-eight mechanized brigades: John Erickson, The Soviet High Command: A Military-Political History, 1918–1941 (London: Macmillan, 1962), 557.

225 a limited call-up of reservists: Zhukov, op. cit., 234.

225 understrength and ill supplied: Roberts, Zhukov, op. cit., 92.

226 requiring the work of around 140,000 laborers: Neil Short, The Stalin and Molotov Lines: Soviet Western Defences, 1928–41 (Oxford, UK: Osprey, 2008), 38.

226 casemates of the new fortifications: David Glantz, The Military Strategy of the Soviet Union: A History (London: F. Cass, 1993), 75.