17. Office of the Historian, “Agreement Regarding Entry of the Soviet Union into the War Against Japan,” US Department of State, February 11, 1945, https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945Malta/d503.
18. “Stalin’s Address to the People, September 2, 1945,” transcript, Marxist Internet Archive, 2009, originally published as Works, vol. 16, by Red Star Press, London, 1986, https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1945/09/02.htm.
19. A. Y. Song, “A Half-Step Forward: An Assessment of the April 1991 Soviet-Japanese Summit,” Asian Perspective 16, no. 1 (1992): 103–28.
20. “Normalizatsiia Sovetsko-Japonskikh Otnoshenii,” Izvestiia, August 4, 1956.
21. “Sovmest’niaia Deklaratsiia Soiuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik I Iaponia,” Pravda, October 20, 1956.
22. Michail S. Gorbatschow Erinnerungen (Berlin: Siedler, 1995), 791.
23. “Territoria’lnyi Spor Mezhdu SSSR I Iaponiei Kasaetsia Ostrov: Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan, I Ostrovnoi Griady. Khabomia, Mirnyi Dogovoer ‘Severnye Territorii,’” Argumenty I Fakty, no. 15, April 11, 1991.
24. “Sovmestnoe Sovesko-Iaponskoe Zaiavlenie,” Pravda, May 19, 1991.
25. Nobuo Shimotomai, “Japan’s Russia Policy and the October 1993 Summit,” in “Northern Territories” and Beyond: Russian, Japanese, and American Perspectives, ed. James Goodby, Vladimir Ivanov, and Nobuo Shimotomai (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1995), 121.
26. John-Thor Dahlburg and Teresa Watanabe, “Yeltsin Shocks Japanese by Calling Off Sensitive Visit […],” Los Angeles Times, September 10, 1992, http://articles.latimes.com/1992-09-10/news/mn-329_1_disputed-islands.
27. Peggy Falkenheim Meyer, “Moscow’s Relations with Tokyo: Domestic Obstacles to a Territorial Agreement,” Asian Survey, Vol. 33, no. 10 (October 1993), 953-67.
28. Thomas Easton, “Yeltsin Visits Japan Under Heavy Guard,” Baltimore Sun, October 12, 1993, http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-10-12/news/1993285082_1_trip-to-japan-ministry-of-foreign-yeltsin.
29. Richard Boudreaux and Teresa Watanabe, “Yeltsin Apologizes to Japan for Abuse of WWII Prisoners […],” Los Angeles Times, October 13, 1993, http://articles.latimes.com/1993-10-13/news/mn-45338_1_russian-president.
30. Hiroshi Kimura, Japanese-Russian Relations Under Gorbachev and Yeltsin (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2000), 211–13.
31. “Eltsin I Khashimoto Izluchaiut Optimizm,” Komsomol’skaiai Pravda, November 4, 1997.
32. Boris N. Yeltsin, Midnight Diaries (New York: PublicAffairs, 2000), 153–56.
33. Vladimir Putin, First Person: An Astonishingly Frank Self-Portrait by Russia’s President (New York: PublicAffairs, 2000), 19.
34. Hisane Masaki, “Putin’s Diplomatic Victory in Tokyo: Regional Perspectives on Russia-Japan Relations,” Asia-Pacific Journal 3, no. 11 (2005): 8, https://apjjf.org/-Hisane-MASAKI/2081/article.html.
35. Ferguson, Japanese-Russian Relations 1907–2007, 103.
36. Kimura, The Kurillian Knot, 117–18.
37. Leszek Buszynski, “Oil and Territory in Putin’s Relations with China and Japan,” Pacific Review 19, no. 3 (2006): 297.
38. Kimura, The Kurillian Knot, 122.
39. Natasha Kuhrt, Russian Policy toward China and Japan (Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2011), 145.
40. Ferguson, Japanese-Russian Relations 1907–2007, 109–10.
41. “Dmitrii Medvedev Posetil Iuzhnye Kurily,” President of Russia website, http://kremlin.ru/events/presidint/news9388.
42. “Russian PM Medvedev’s Visit to Disputed Islands Irks Japan,” BBC News, July 3, 2012, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-18688388.
43. David Nowak, Associated Press, “Russia Flexes Muscles over Island Spat with Japan,” Washington Post, November 3, 2010, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/03/AR2010110304682.html.
44. Abrahm Lustgarten, “Shell Shakedown,” Fortune (archive), February 1, 2007, http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/02/05/8399125/index.htm.
45. Buszynski, “Oil and Territory in Putin’s Relations with China and Japan,” 290.
46. Financial Times, https://www.ft.com/content/bb70550a-47c3-11e5-b3b2-1672f710807b?mhq5j=e1.
47. Businessman in conversation with the author, Tokyo, 2017.
48. Ankit Panda, “Japan Sanctions Russia over Ukraine,” The Diplomat, July 29, 2014, http://thediplomat.com/2014/07/japan-sanctions-russia-over-ukraine/.
49. A foreign ministry official complained to the author about US assistant secretary of state Victoria Nuland: “She lectured us on Russia. She doesn’t understand Asia and why it is so important to improve relations with Russia.”
50. “Japanese PM Wants to Invite Putin to G7 Summit,” Joinfo.com, January 1, 2016, https://joinfo.com/world/1013579_japanese-pm-wants-to-invite-putin-to-g7-summit.html.
51. Samuel Osborne, “Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe Says Donald Trump Encouraged Him to Improve Relations with Vladimir Putin,” Independent, February 14, 2017, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/japan-prime-minister-shinzo-abe-donald-trum-p-improve-russia-relations-valdimir-putin-us-president-a7579166.html.
52. “Ahead of His Official Trip to Japan, Putin On The Kuril Islands Dispute: ‘We Have No Territorial Problems At All; It Is Only Japan That Believes It Has Territorial Problems With Russia,’” MEMRI, December 15, 2016, https://www.memri.org/reports/ahead-his-official-trip-japan-putin-kuril-islands-dispute-we-have-no-territorial-problems.
53. John Micklethwait, “Putin Discusses Trump, OPEC, Rosneft, Brexit, Japan (Transcript),” Bloomberg, September 5, 2016, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-05/putin-discusses-trump-opec-rosneft-brexit-japan-transcript.
54. Atsuhito Isozaki, “Time for a Japanese Rethink on North Korea?” The Diplomat, June 7, 2017, http://thediplomat.com/2017/06/time-for-a-japanese-rethink-on-north-korea/.
55. Franz-Stefan Gady, “Putin: Russian Force Buildup in Kuril Islands a Response to US Military Actions,” The Diplomat, June 5, 2017, http://thediplomat.com/2017/06/putin-russian-force-buildup-in-kuril-islands-a-response-to-us-military-actions/.
56. “Ushakov Rasskazal o Printsipakh Budushchego Mirnogo Dogovor c Iaponiei,” RIA Novosti, Rossiia Segogniia, May 23, 2018.
57. “Abe Nadeetsia, Chto Kuril’skie Ostrova Stanut Symvolom Sotrudnichestva,” RIA Novosti, May 25, 2018.
58. National Institute for Defense Studies (Japan), East Asian Strategic Review: 2016 (Tokyo: Japan Times, 2016), 223–24.
59. Hiroko Maeda, “Japan-China Relations at a Crossroads,” The Diplomat, July 22, 2016, https://thediplomat.com/2016/07/japan-china-relations-at-a-crossroads/.
60. Zachary Keck, “Most Chinese Expect War with Japan,” The Diplomat, September 11, 2014, https://thediplomat.com/2014/09/poll-majority-of-chinese-expect-war-with-japan/.
61. http://en.kremlin.tu/events/president/transcripts/58848.
Chapter Ten: The New Power Broker: Russia and the Middle East
1. Senior Israeli official in conversation with the author, January 2018.
2. Owen Matthews, Jack Moore, and Damien Sharkov, “How Russia Became the Middle East’s New Power Broker,” Newsweek, February 9, 2017, http://www.newsweek.com/how-russia-became-middle-easts-new-power-broker-554227.
3. Andrew Roth, “On Visit to Syria, Putin Lauds Victory over ISIS and Announces Withdrawals,” Washington Post, December 11, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/putin-makes-first-visit-to-syria-lauds-victory-over-isis-and-announces-withdrawals/2017/12/11/f75389de-de61-11e7-8679-a9728984779c_story.html?utm_term=.5ef20ab69336.
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