Анджела Стент - Putin's World - Russia Against the West and with the Rest

4. Yonetim, “Jerusalem, Missile Defense Dominate Putin’s Quick Turkey Visit,” Kafkassam, December 14, 2017, https://kafkassam.com/jerusalem-missile-defense-dominate-putins-quick-turkey-visit.html.

5. Adam B. Ulam, Expansion and Coexistence: Soviet Foreign Policy 1917–73, 2nd ed. (New York: Praeger, 1974), 584.

6. Yevgeny Primakov, Russia and the Arabs: Behind the Scenes in the Middle East from the Cold War to the Present (New York: Basic Books, 2009), 101.

7. Quoted in Russia, Iran, and the Nuclear Question: The Putin Record, by Robert O. Freedman (Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, 2006), 81.

8. “Iran Shchastlivo, Chto Eltsin I Klinton ne Dogovorilis’ I Predlagaet Soiuz I Druzhby,” Izvestiia, May 30, 1995.

9. “Vladimir Putin delivered a speech at the Organization of Islamic Conference Summit,” October 16, 2003, The Kremlin, http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/29550.

10. Quoted in Nikolas Gvosdev and Christopher Marsh, Russian Foreign Policy: Interests, Vectors, Sectors (Sage Publishers 2013), 297.

11. Primakov, Russia and the Arabs, 320–21.

12. Voloshin quoted in Angela E. Stent, The Limits of Partnership, 91.

13. Alex Rodriguez, “Putin calls war on Iraq a ‘mistake,’” The Chicago Tribune , March 21, 2003, http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2003-03-21-0303210260-story.html.

14. “Medvedev: RF Soznatel’no ne Nalozhil Veto na Rezolutsiu SBOON Po Livii,” March 21, 2011, https://ria.ru/arab_ly/20110321/356344423.html.

15. RBC.ru, March 21, 2011, http://www.rbc.ru/fnews.open/20110321190605.shtml.

16. Clifford J. Levy and Thom Shanker, “In Rare Split, Two Leaders in Russia Differ on Libya,” New York Times, March 21, 2011, https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/22/world/europe/22russia.html.

17. “Putin: Nevozmozhno Bez Otvrashcheniia Smotret’ Na Kadry Ubiistva Kadaffi,” https://ria.ru/arab_ly/20111026/471693000.html.

18. Dmitri Trenin, What Is Russia Up to in the Middle East? (Cambridge, UK: Polity, 2017), 47.

19. “Za Siriu Za Asada: Kogda and Zachem Moskva Reshila Voevat,” https://www.rbc.ru/politics/30/09/2015/560bffdd9a794744eb92da3b.

20. Quoted in The Silk Roads: A New History of the World, by Peter Frankopan (New York: Vintage, 2017), 443.

21. David M. Herszenhorn, “For Syria, Reliant on Russia for Weapons and Food, Old Bonds Run Deep,” New York Times, February 18, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/19/world/middleeast/for-russia-and-syria-bonds-are-old-and-deep.html.

22. David M. Herszenhorn, “Russia Rejects U.S. Evidence on Syrian Chemical Attack,” New York Times , Sept. 2, 2013, https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/03/world/middleeast/russia-syria.html.

23. Vladimir V. Putin, “A Plea for Caution from Russia,” op-ed, New York Times, September 11, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/12/opinion/putin-plea-for-caution-from-russia-on-syria.html.

24. Trenin, What Is Russia Up to in the Middle East?, 54.

25. Quoted in “Putin’s Power Play in Syria,” by Angela E. Stent, Foreign Affairs, January–February, 2106, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2015-12-14/putins-power-play-syria.

26. Oliver Stone, The Putin Interviews: Oliver Stone Interviews Vladimir Putin (New York: Hot Books, 2017), 132.

27. Erik de Castro, Reuters, “Russia Named Top Source of Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq,” Moscow Times, October 26, 2017, https://themoscowtimes.com/news/russia-named-top-source-of-foreign-fighters-in-syria-and-iraq-59380.

28. “John Kerry Says Assad ‘Has to Go’—But Only Through Negotiation,” Vice.com, September 19, 2015, https://news.vice.com/article/john-kerry-says-assad-has-to-go-but-only-through-negotiation.

29. Michael R. Gordon, Helene Cooper, and Michael D. Shear, “Dozens of US Missiles Hit Air Base in Syria,” New York Times, April 6, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/06/world/middleeast/us-said-to-weigh-military-responses-to-syrian-chemical-attack.html.

30. Shaun Walker, “Moscow: Syria Airstrikes ‘Significant Blow to Russian-US Relations,’” The Guardian, April 7, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/07/us-airstrikes-syria-russian-american-relations-vladimir-putin.

31. Katya Golubkova and Tom Perry, “Russia’s Putin Hosts Assad in Fresh Drive for Syria Peace Deal,” Reuters, November 20, 2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-putin-assad/russias-putin-hosts-assad-in-fresh-drive-for-syria-peace-deal-idUSKBN1DL0D5.

32. Justin Worland, “President Trump’s Pick for Secretary of State Just Confirmed ‘Hundreds’ of Russians Were Killed in a US Attack in Syria,” Time, April 12, 2018, http://time.com/5237922/mike-pompeo-russia-confirmation/. See also “American-Russian Relations in Syria? Less Rosy Than Trump and Putin Claim,” by Eric Schmitt and Thomas Gibbons-Neff, New York Times , July 17, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/17/world/middleeast/american-russian-military-syria.html.

33. Sergey Sukhankin, “ Continuing War By Other Means”: The Case of Wagner, Russia’s Premier Private Military Company on the Middle East (Washington, DC: Jamestown Foundation, July 13, 2018), https://jamestown.org/program/continuing-war-by-other-means-the-case-of-wagner-russias-premier-private-military-company-in-the-middle-east/?mc_cid=efdddbeac9&mc_eid=2598204a29.

34. Julie Hirschfeld Davis, “Pompeo Defends Trump with ‘Proof’ of Administration’s Actions vs. Russia,” New York Times, July 25, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/25/us/politics/senate-pompeo-trump-putin-north-korea.html.

35. Fiona Hill and Omer Taspinar, “Turkey and Russia: Axis of the Excluded?” Brookings Institution, March 1, 2006, https://www.brookings.edu/articles/turkey-and-russia-axis-of-the-excluded/.

36. “Turtsia Sbila Rossiiskii SU-24,” https://www/kp.ru/daily/26461/3332082/.

37. Associated Press, “Turkey Slapped with Russian Sanctions over Jet Downing,” Al Jazeera, November 28, 2015, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/11/erdogan-expresses-sadness-russian-jet-shot-151128112138694.html.

38. “Turtsia Sbila SU-24 Chtob Obezopasit’ Perevozku Nefti Boekov: Putin,” https://tvzvezda.ru/news/vstrane_i_mire/content/201511302145-g2kb.htm.

39. Neil MacFarquhar, “Russia and Turkey Hurl Insults as Feud Deepens,” New York Times, December 3, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/04/world/europe/putin-russia-turkey.html.

40. “Turtsia Izvinilas’ Za Sbityi Samolot,” http://www.interfax.ru/russia/515570.

41. Neil MacFarquhar, “Russia and Turkey Vow to Repair Ties as West Watches Nervously,” New York Times, August 9, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/10/world/europe/putin-erdogan-russia-turkey.html.

42. Reuters, “NATO-Member Turkey Finalizes Deal to Buy Advanced Russian S-400 Missile Systems,” Haaretz, December 31, 2017, https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/turkey/1.832142.

43. Nolan D. McCaskill, “Trump Says Turkish President Gets ‘Very High Marks,’” Politico, September 21, 2017, https://www.politico.com/story/2017/09/21/trump-erdogan-turkey-praise-242986.

44. Sevil Erkus, “Eurasian Economic Union ‘Would Welcome’ Turkey’s Membership,” Hürriyet Daily News, January 23, 2015, http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/eurasian-economic-union-would-welcome-turkeys-membership-77316.

45. Kemal Kirisci, “The Implications of a Turkish-Russian Rapprochement,” Brookings Institution, August 10, 2016, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2016/08/10/the-implications-of-a-turkish-russian-rapprochement/.