29. Washington Post, December 19, 1992.
30. For the text, see Rossiskiie Vesti, April 25, 1997.
31. Daniel Williams, “Missiles Hit Chinese Embassy,” Washington Post , May 8, 1999, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/balkans/stories/belgrade050899.htm.
32. Kommersant, December 10, 1999.
33. “Pervy Vizit Putin—V Kitae?” Nezavisimaia Gazeta, March 2, 2000.
34. “Putin Provedet v Kitae Dva Dnia,” Ekonomicheskie Novosti, June 5, 2012.
35. “I am just too busy for summit in America, Putin tells Obama,” The Times UK , https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/i-am-just-too-busy-for-summit-in-america-putin-tells-obama-d7ncdknhghc.
36. Joshua Kucera, “China’s Russian Invasion,” The Diplomat, February 19, 2010, https://thediplomat.com/2010/02/chinas-russian-invasion/.
37. P. Ukhutubuzhsky [a pseudonym for Nikolai Dmitrievich Obleukhov], quoted in “Chinese Migrants and Anti-Chinese Sentiments in Russian Society,” by Viktor Dyatlov, chap. 5 in Frontier Encounters, ed. Franck Billé, Gregory Delaplace, and Caroline Humphrey (Open Book Publishers, 2012), 71–87, https://books.openedition.org/obp/1531.
38. Dragos Tirnoveanu, “Russia, China, and the Far East Question,” The Diplomat, January 20, 2016, http://thediplomat.com/2016/01/russia-china-and-the-far-east-question/.
39. Mikhail Alekseev, “‘They Take a Long View’: Russian Perceptions of Border Disputes with China” (PowerPoint presentation, Kennan Institute, Washington, DC, February 24, 2016).
40. Financial Times, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/700a9450-1b26-11e5-8201-cbdb03d71480.html#axzz473m2bPvL.
41. Financial Times, February 6–7, 2016.
42. Tatiana Sidorenko, “The Scope of Economic Cooperation Between Russia and China and Future Prospects,” Problemas del Desarrollo 45, no. 176 (2014), http://www.probdes.iiec.unam.mx/en/revistas/v45n176/body/v45n176a2_1.php.
43. “S-500 in 2016?” Russian Defense Policy (blog), posted April 18, 2016, https://russiandefpolicy.wordpress.com/2016/04/18/s-500-in-2016/.
44. http://www.minergo.gov.ru/china/oil.
45. “Putin Otpravil Gaz v Kitai,” Izvestiia, October 14, 2009.
46. Elena Mazneva and Stepan Kravchenko, “Russia, China Sign $400B Gas Deal After Decade of Talks,” Bloomberg, May 21, 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-05-21/russia-signs-china-gas-deal-after-decade-of-talks.
47. Gazprom, “Linear Part of Power of Siberia Gas Pipeline Completed by 75.5 Per Cent,” news release, March 21, 2018, http://www.gazprom.com/press/news/2018/march/article413496/.
48. “The Evolution of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization,” IISS Strategic Comments, vol. 24, June 2018, https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#search/Strategic.comments%40iiss.org/164463b26184ad88.
49. Richard Weitz, “The Shanghai Cooperation Organization’s Growing Pains,” The Diplomat, September 18, 2015, http://thediplomat.com/2015/09/the-shanghai-cooperation-organizations-growing-pains/.
50. http://www.thenewage.co.za/164578-1020-53-.
51. Lo, Axis of Convenience, 95–96.
52. Stent, The Limits of Partnership, chap. 4.
53. Alexander Gabuev, “China’s Silk Road Challenge,” Carnegie Moscow Center, December 11, 2015, https://carnegie.ru/commentary/61949.
54. Nathan Hutson, “Proekt ‘Odin Poias, Odin Put’: Kto v Vyigryshe I Naskol’ko?,” Eurasianet, December 22, 2017, https://inosmi.ru/economic/20171222/241057172.html.
55. “V Pekine Sostaialsia Forum ‘Odin Poias, Odin Put’ s Uchastiem Glav 29 Gosudarstv,’” March 14, 2017, https://www.rbc.ru/newspaper/2017/05/15/59159e0d9a7947318586f81f.
56. “Belt and Road International Forum,” President of Russia website, May 14, 2017, http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/54491/.
57. Kommersant, March 6, 2017, https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3235889.
58. http://russiancouncil.ru/rucn2016; http://russiancouncil.ru/en/rucn2017.
59. Alexander Gabuev, “Belt and Road to Where?” op-ed, Carnegie Moscow Center, December 8, 2017, http://carnegie.ru/2017/12/08/belt-and-road-to-where-pub-74957.
60. Alexander Gabuev, “Did Western Sanctions Affect Sino-Russian Economic Ties?” Asia Dialogue, April 26, 2016, https://blogs.nottingham.ac.uk/chinapolicyinstitute/2016/04/26/did-western-sanctions-affect-sino-russian-economic-ties/.
61. Alexander Gabuev, “A Pivot to Nowhere: The Realities of Russia’s Asia Policy,” Carnegie Moscow Center, April 22, 2016, http://carnegie.ru/commentary/2016/04/22/pivot-to-nowhere-realities-of-russia-s-asia-policy/ixfv.
62. Bobo Lo, A Wary Embrace: What the Russia-China Relationship Means for the World (Docklands, Victoria: Penguin Random House, 2017), 138.
63. Stephen Blank, “New Momentum in the Russia-China Partnership,” Eurasia Daily Monitor, March 30, 2016, https://jamestown.org/program/new-momentum-in-the-russia-china-partnership/#.VwEtsBIrLdQ.
64. Lo, A Wary Embrace, xiv.
65. Franz-Stefan Gady, “Russian, Chinese Troops Kick off Russia’s Largest Military Exercise Since 1981,” September 12, 2018, The Diplomat , https://thediplomat.com/2018/09/russian-chinese-troops-kick-off-russias-largest-military-exercise-since-1981/.
66. The Economist, September 8, 2018, p. 43.
67. Financial Times , February 6/7, 2016.
68. Anna Dolgov, “Russia and China Boost Student Exchange Programs,” Moscow Times, October 13, 2014, http://www.themoscowtimes.com/article.php?id=509353.
69. Fu Ying, “How China Sees Russia,” 104–5, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2015-12-14/how-china-sees-russia.
Chapter Nine: Wary Neighbors: Russia and Japan in the Shadow of World War Two
1. Daniel Sneider, “Japan,” Christian Science Monitor, April 10, 1991, http://www.csmonitor.com/1991/0410/otrip.html.
2. “Interview by Vladimir Putin to Nippon TV and Yomiuri Newspaper,” President of Russia website, December 13, 2013, http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/53455.
3. Senior Japanese official in conversation with the author, 2017.
4. Geoffrey Jukes, The Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905 (Oxford, UK: Osprey, 2002), 21.
5. Joseph P. Ferguson, Japanese-Russian Relations 1907–2007 (New York: Routledge, 2008), 1–2.
6. Jukes, Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905, 21–23.
7. Ferguson, Japanese-Russian Relations 1907–2007, 12.
8. Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs: 1613–1918 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2016), 523.
9. Ian Barnes, Restless Empire: A Historical Atlas of Russia (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015), 78.
10. Jukes, Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905, 86.
11. Adam B. Ulam, Expansion and Coexistence: Soviet Policy 1917–73, 2nd ed. (New York: Praeger, 1974), 308.
12. Hiroshi Kimura, The Kurillian Knot: A History of Japanese-Russian Border Negotiations (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2008), 41.
13. Ulam, Expansion and Coexistence, 308.
14. Kimura, The Kurillian Knot, 1.
15. John H. Miller, “Russia-Japan Relations: Prisoners of History?” in Asia’s Bilateral Relations Special Assessment Series, ed. Satu P. Limaye (Honolulu, HI: Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, October 2004), 6, https://apcss.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/PDFs/SAS/AsiaBilateralRelations/AsiasBilateralRelationsComplete.pdf.
16. Miller, “Russia-Japan Relations: Prisoners of History?” 44, 46, https://apcss.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/PDFs/SAS/AsiaBilateralRelations/AsiasBilateralRelationsComplete.pdf.
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