LibCat » Книги » Наука и образование » История » Simon Dixon - Catherine the Great

Simon Dixon - Catherine the Great

Здесь есть возможность читать онлайн «Simon Dixon - Catherine the Great» весь текст электронной книги совершенно бесплатно (целиком полную версию без сокращений). В некоторых случаях можно слушать аудио, скачать через торрент в формате fb2 и присутствует краткое содержание. Город: New York, Год выпуска: 2009, ISBN: 2009, Издательство: HarperCollins, Жанр: История, на английском языке. Описание произведения, (предисловие) а так же отзывы посетителей доступны на портале библиотеки ЛибКат.

Читать книгу

Название:
Catherine the Great
Автор:
Simon Dixon
Издательство:
HarperCollins
Жанр:
История / на английском языке
Год:
2009
Город:
New York
ISBN:
978-0-06-187179-5
Рейтинг книги:
3 / 5. Голосов: 1
Избранное:

Добавить в избранное
Отзывы:
Написать комментарий
Ваша оценка:
- 60
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5

Catherine the Great: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

Предлагаем к чтению аннотацию, описание, краткое содержание или предисловие (зависит от того, что написал сам автор книги «Catherine the Great»). Если вы не нашли необходимую информацию о книге — напишите в комментариях, мы постараемся отыскать её.

In 1745 a little-known German princess named Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst married the nephew of Empress Elizabeth of Russia. Seventeen years later she overthrew her husband to become Catherine the Great, one of the most celebrated monarchs in history, turning eighteenth-century Russia into arguably the largest and most powerful state since the fall of the Roman Empire.
Admired for her achievements and satirized for her personal life, she wrote the most revealing memoirs by any European ruler. She promoted radical political ideas and emphasized moderation in government. Ruthless when necessary, she charmed everyone she met, joking at private dinner parties in the Hermitage, which she had built for her own use. Determined to endear herself to the Russians, she made religious devotions in which she never believed.
Intimate and revealing, Simon Dixon’s new biography examines the lifelong friendships that sustained the empress throughout her personal life, and places her within the context of the royal court: its politics, its flourishing literature, and the very culture that became central to her exercise of absolute power.

Catherine the Great — читать онлайн бесплатно полную книгу (весь текст) целиком

Ниже представлен текст книги, разбитый по страницам. Система сохранения места последней прочитанной страницы, позволяет с удобством читать онлайн бесплатно книгу «Catherine the Great», без необходимости каждый раз заново искать на чём Вы остановились. Поставьте закладку, и сможете в любой момент перейти на страницу, на которой закончили чтение.

Тёмная тема

Шрифт:

↓

↑

Сбросить

Интервал:

↓

↑

Закладка:

Сделать

93. Lopatin, 118, after 10 Sept. 1777. C. remembered the precise height of the waters in 1777 when the river rose again (by only seven feet) in 1794: Grimm, 603, 21 Apr. 1794.

94. Dimsdale, 41.

95. PSZ , xx: 14,968, 14 Jan. 1780. For an inspection, see KfZh (1786), 371–4. On the dispute in 1787, see Alexander, 261.

96. Storch, 15. See also, Stedingk, i: 40.

97. Quoted in Shvidkovsky, The Empress and the Architect , 45.

98. V. Shevchenko, ‘Proekt “antichnogo doma” dlia Ekateriny II. Mify i real’nost”, in L. Tedeschi and N. Navone, eds., Ot mifa k proektu: Vliianie ital’ianskikh i tichinskikh arkhitektorov v Rossii epokhi klassitsi картинка 44 m a (SPb, 2004), 76–9.

99. Grimm, 379, 7 July 1786; Shvidkovsky, The Empress and the Architect , 61–9.

100. Shvidkovsky, The Empress and the Architect , 85; Dimsdale, 53. See also Grimm, 239, 2 June 1782.

101. Grimm, 207–8, 22 June 1781.

102. SIRIO , ix: 140, C. to Maria Fëdorovna, 23 Apr. 1782.

103. Quoted in S. Massie, Pavlovsk: The Life of a Russian Palace (London, 1990), 32–3, where the visit is dated 11 May, presumably the NS date of K. Kiukhel’beker’s letter to Maria Fëdorovna. Compare SIRIO , ix: 145–7, C. to Mariia Fedorovna, 2 May 1782; KfZh (1782), 186, 29 Apr.

104. Grimm, 157, 23 Aug. 1779.

105. Grimm, 255, 15 Nov. 1782.

106. Corberon, i: 156, 4 Feb. 1776 NS.

107. A. Moore, ‘The Houghton Sale’, in British Art Treasures , 46–55; J. Conlin, The Nation’s Mantelpiece: A history of the National Gallery (London, 2006), 21–8.

108. Grimm, 47, 18 Apr. 1776; 145, 18 June 1779. See also C. Frank, ‘“Plus il y en aura, mieux ce sera”—Caterina II di Russia e Anton Raphael Mengs. Suo ruolo degli agenti ‘cesarei’ Grimm e Reiffenstein’, in Mengs: La Scoperta del Neoclassico , ed. S. Roettgen (Padua, 2001), 86–95.

109. Grimm, 167, 2 Jan. 1780; 253, 14 Nov. 1782; McGrew, 134; Charles-Louis Clérisseau (1721–1820): Dessins du musée de l’Ermitage Saint-Pétersbourg (Paris, 1995).

110. Grimm, 93, 21 June 1778; Frank, ‘“A man more jealous of glory than wealth”’, in Jean-Antoine Houdon, ed. Poulet, 54–5.

111. Bentham, ii: 201, J. Bentham to S. Bentham, 20–21 Dec. 1778.

112. M. P. Alekseev, ‘Biblioteka Vol’tera v Rossii’, in Biblioteka Vol’tera: Katalog knig (Leningrad, 1961), 9, 26.

113. Grimm, 221, 27 Sept. 1781.

114. S. Ia. Karp, ‘Perepiska Grimma s Verzhennom (1775–1777)’, in Russko-frantsuzskie kul’turnye sviazi v epokhu Prosveshcheniia: Materialy i issledovaniia (M, 2001), 137–8, Grimm to Vergennes, 15 Feb. 1777. De Mailly’s piece was delivered, to general acclamation, in June 1778: see Grimm, 95.

115. Grimm, 84, 2–4 Mar. 1778; N. Rotshtein, ‘Novyia knigi po keramiki’, Starye gody , Apr. 1909, 219. ‘A Rouble is 5 French livres’, Bentham, ii: 126, J. Bentham to S. Bentham, 18 June 1778.

116. Grimm, 135, 16 Apr. 1779.

117. Quarenghi, 58, to Betskoy, July 1784.

118. Madariaga, 387–9; Smith, Love and Conquest , 115–20; Montefiore, 246–9, 252–9; Lopatin, 176, 15 July 1783.

119. L. V. Tychinina and N. B. Bessarabova, Kniaginia Dashkova i imperatorskii dvor (M, 2006), 40–63, summarises the evidence of KfZh .

120. Madariaga, 535.

121. G. I. Smagina, ‘Kniaginia Ekaterina Romanovna Dashkova: Shtrikhi k portretu’, in E. R. Dashkova, O smysle slova ‘vospitanie’: sochineniia, pis’ma, dokumenty (M, 2001), 56–63, 71–2.

122. Beer and Fiedler, i: 20, Cobenzl to Joseph II, 5 May 1780 NS.

123. Dimsdale, 57; Proschwitz, 196, C. to Gustav III, 10 Jul. 1783.

124. Grimm, 84, 2–4 Mar. 1778. See also, Parkinson, 27, 11 Nov. 1792.

125. ‘Dnevnik grafa Bobrinskago’, RA , Oct. 1877, 135, 23 Feb. 1782.

126. AKV , xxi: 264.

127. V. I. Piliavskii, Dzhakomo Kvarengi (Leningrad, 1981), 63, 73–4; Cross, 282, where the ownership of the estate is unidentified.

128. Corberon, ii: 330, 4 Sept. 1780 NS.

129. Grimm, 253, 15 Nov. 1782; Zavadovskii, 279, n.d. [Feb. 1783].

130. KfZh (1783), 59. Of these, 2640 were nobles and 490 merchants. 8170 tickets had been issued: 7100 to nobles and 1070 to merchants.

131. Grimm, 268, 3 Mar. 1783; KfZh (1783), 78–9.

132. Zavadovskii, 275, 25 Nov. 1782.

133. Harris Diaries, ii: 11–12.

134. Grimm, 274–5, 20 Apr. 1783.

135. Lopatin, 186, 16 Oct. 1783.

136. Grimm, 316–7, 7 July 1784.

137. Parkinson, 49–50; see also 45–6.

138. AKV , xxi: 284, n.

139. Alexander, 216–7, is misled by SIRIO , xxvi: 281, where Bezborodko’s letter to Potëmkin, reporting that the funeral took place ‘yesterday’, is misdated 28 July 1784. The letter’s contents, and the collateral evidence of KfZh , place it at 28 June. Montefiore, 553, n. 3, unaccountably dates it 29 June, which invalidates his account of a funeral on 27 July, pp. 312–4.

140. KfZh (1784), 380.

141. SIRIO , xxvi: 281, Bezborodko to Potëmkin [28 June 1784].

142. RS (Sept. 1879), 151, C. to U. Ia. Lanskaia, oddly dated 25 June rather than 26 June.

143. KfZh (1784), 382–4.

144. AKV , xxi: 462, E. Polianskaia to S. R. Vorontsov, 6 July 1784.

145. AKV , xxxi: 444, A. R. to S. R. Vorontsov, 21 July 1784.

146. Lettres au Prince de Ligne , 47, 18 Aug. 1784; J. T. Alexander, ‘Aeromania, “fire balloons”, and Catherine the Great’s ban of 1784’, The Historian , 58 (1996).

147. KfZh (1784), 396, 398–9, 442–7; Sochineniia , xii:.

148. Grimm, 337, 25 Apr. 1785; AKV , xxxi: 448, A. R. to S. R. Vorontsov, 29 Aug. 1784; KfZh (1784), 452–4.

149. KfZh (1784), 456–9.

150. Grimm, 318, 322, 9 and 26 Sept. 1784.

151. Beer and Fiedler, i: 482, 484, Cobenzl to Joseph, 3 Nov. 1784.

Chapter 11

1. KfZh (1785), 221–2.

2. Madariaga, 484; Alexander, 218; Cross, ‘By the Banks of the Thames’ , 243, quoting S. R. Vorontsov.

3. Beer and Fiedler, ii: 37, Cobenzl to Joseph, 14 May 1785; Alexander, 217; Grimm, 336, 24 Apr. 1785.

4. Jones, Emancipation of the Russian Nobility , ch. 8; Madariaga, 295–9.

5. D. Griffiths and G. Munro, eds., Catherine II’s Charters of 1785 to the Nobility and the Towns (Bakersfield, CA, 1991), passim , esp. p. lxiv, introduction by Griffiths.

6. KfZh (1785), 281, 307; Coxe, ii: 290–5; Ségur, ii: 262–3.

7. Zavadovskii, 289, 28 Apr. 1785.

8. PSZ , xxii: 16,381, 28 Apr. 1786.

9. Grimm, 342, 1 June 1785.

10. Lettere , 162, 31 May 1785.

11. SIRIO , xv: 23, C. to Paul and Maria Fëdorovna, 16 June 1785.

12. Lettere , 162, 8 June 1785.

13. Coxe, i: 444, 424, 422.

14. R. E. Jones, Provincial development in Russia: Catherine II and Jakob Sievers (New Brunswick, NJ, 1984); N. V. Sereda, Reformy upravleniia Ekateriny Vtoroi (Moscow, 2004). A. Jones, ‘A Russian bourgeois’s Arctic Enlightenment’, Historical Journal , 48 (2005), 623–46, shows that merchant civic involvement was not confined to the central provinces.

15. Grimm, 343, 20 June 1785.

16. KfZh (1785), 311; Lettere , 162, 31 May 1785.

17. KfZh (1785), 281–360, passim .