Simon Dixon - Catherine the Great

42. PSZ , xvi: 11,598 (Manifest o koronatsii Imperatritsy Ekateriny Vtoroi); 11,599 (Manifest o konchine Imperatora Petra III).

43. Compare D. Cannadine and S. Price, eds., Rituals of Royalty: Power and Ceremonial in Traditional Societies (Cambridge, 1985), 8, 40.

44. D. L. Ransel, The Politics of Catherinian Russia: The Panin Party (New Haven, CT, 1975), 65–8.

45. Quoted in L. Hughes, Sophia: Regent of Russia 1657–1704 (New Haven, CT, 1990), 268.

46. R. A. Jackson, Vive le roi! A History of the French Coronation from Charles V to Charles X (Chapel Hill and London, 1984), 11.

47. Bil’basov, ii: 144–5; SIRIO , cxl: 91, Breteuil to Choiseul, 9 Oct. 1762 NS.

48. Sochineniia , xii: 161.

49. Bil’basov, ii: 171–84.

50. Opisanie , 73; SIRIO , cxl: 82, Breteuil to Louis XV, 5 Oct. 1762 NS.

51. Quoted in S. L. Baehr, The Paradise Myth in Eighteenth-Century Russia (Stanford, CA, 1991), 39.

52. Opisanie , 194–9.

53. J. P. LeDonne, ‘Ruling families in the Russian political order, 1689–1825’, Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique , 28 (1987), 233–322; G. Hosking, ‘Patronage and the Russian State’, SEER , 78 (2000), 301–20.

54. Sochineniia, xii: 696.

55. Obstoiatel’noe opisanie Torzhestvennykh Poriadkov Blagopoluchnago Vshestviia v tsarstvuiushchii grad Moskvu i Sviashchenneishago Koronovaniia…Imperatritsy Elisaveta Petrovny (SPb, 1744), 74; Opisanie , 65, 176. The important account of C.’s coronation in R. S. Wortman, Scenarios of ower: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy, 1: From Peter I to Nicholas I (Princeton, NJ, 1995), 115, inadvertently suggests that Talyzin carried the state banner, another of Elizabeth’s innovations, depicting a double-headed eagle clutching both orb and sceptre in its fearful claws.

56. Despatches, i: 98.

57. M. Lepekine, ‘Catherine II et l’Eglise’, in Catherine II et l’Europe , ed. A. Davidenkoff (Paris, 1997), 179.

58. Madariaga, 114.

59. SIRIO , cxl: 83, Breteuil to Choiseul, 9 Oct. 1762 NS.

60. Opisanie , 48–9.

61. Ibid., 45–7.

62. Zapiski Shtelina, i: 78–9.

63. J. McManners, Church and Society in Eighteenth-Century France, Vol. 1: The Clerical Establishment and its Social Ramifications (Oxford, 1998), 8.

64. Opisanie , 54.

65. ‘Mémoires de la Princess Dashkaw, d’après le manuscrit revu et corrigé par l’auteur’, AKV , xxi: 101–4 (104).

66. Opisanie , 75. This is psalm 100 in the Orthodox psalter.

67. See below, pp. 212–3.

68. The Dormition Cathedral contains the earliest known panel icon of the Apocalypse in the Byzantine world: M. S. Flier, ‘Till the End of Time: The Apocalypse in Russian Historical Experience Before 1500’, in Orthodox Russia: Belief and Practice under the Tsars , eds. V. A. Kivelson and R. H. Greene (Philadelphia, PA, 2003), 140–3.

69. See Khristianskie relikvii v Moskovskom kremle , ed. A. M. Lidov (M, 2001).

70. Baehr, Paradise Myth , 30–1, 38–40.

71. SIRIO , cxl: 57, Louis XV to Breteuil, 10 Sept. 1762 NS.

72. Beales, Joseph II , 36.

73. Opisanie , 78.

74. Correspondance , 88, 27 Aug. 1756.

75. Opisanie , 84.

76. Wortman, Scenarios , 115; Opisanie , 234.

77. Bil’basov, ii: 146.

78. Opisanie , 86–9.

79. ‘Mémoires de la Princess Dashkaw’, 61.

80. Quoted in Wortman, Scenarios , 116.

81. Wortman, ‘The Russian Coronation’, 19.

82. B. A. Uspenskii, Tsar’ i Patriarkh: Kharizma vlasti v Rossii (Vizantiiskaia model’ i ee russkoe pereosmyslenie) (M, 1998).

83. Sochineniia , xii: 615; Opisanie , 102.

84. SIRIO , cxl: 85, Breteuil to Choiseul, 9 Oct. 1762 NS.

85. Bil’basov, ii: 146.

86. I. V. Kurukin, Epokha ‘dvorskikh bur’: Ocherki politicheskoi istorii poslepetrovskoi Rossii, 1725–1762 gg. (Riazan, 2003), 415–7.

87. Opisanie , 213–9. A second document, perhaps an earlier plan, gives an alternative layout, catering for 358 guests served by 130 lackeys: ibid., 235.

88. D. A. Rovinskii, Obozrenie ikonopisaniia v Rossii do kontsa XVII veka: opisanie feierverkov i illiuminatsii (SPb, 1903).

89. SIRIO , xlviii: 13, C. to Keyserling, 25 Sept. 1762.

90. Opisanie , 157, 291.

91. Despatches , i: 88, Buckinghamshire to Countess of Suffolk, 9 Nov. 1762 NS.

92. Plans for the pageant had been laid as early as 10 July 1762: see Iu. A. Dmitriev, ed., F. G. Volkov i Russkii teatr ego vremeni (M, 1953), 149–50. Sumarokov’s text is at p. 188.

93. Baehr, Paradise Myth , 40.

94. Sochineniia, xii: 625.

1. W. H. Meyer, Stettin in alter und neuer Zeit (Stettin, 1887), 108–9, 238.

2. Bil’basov, i: 4–5; Sochineniia, xii: 5.

3. S. Peller, ‘Births and deaths among Europe’s ruling families since 1500’, in Population in History: Essays in Historical Demography , eds. D. V. Glass and D. E. C. Eversley (London, 1965), 91, table 2.

4. T. Blanning, The Pursuit of Glory: Europe 1648–1815 (London, 2007), 62–3.

5. SIRIO , xx: 246, C. to Frederick II, 5 Dec. 1768.

6. Sochineniia , xii: 8.

7. A Full Account of the Situation, Former State and Late Siege of Stetin (London, 1678), 4–5; J. M. Piskorski, et al, A Short History of Szczecin , trans. K. Wilson (Poznań, 2002), 91–106.

8. M. Völkel, ‘The Hohenzollern Court 1535–1740’, in Princely Courts of Europe, ed. Adamson, 215.

9. Deutsche Geschichte im Osten Europas: Pommern , ed. W. Bucholz (Berlin, 1999), 237–85, 341–52; D. McKay and H. M. Scott, The Rise of the Great Powers 1648–1815 (London, 1983), 10–14.

10. On the castle’s changing fortunes through the ages, see E. Cnotliwy, Zamek ksią ęcy w S c ecinie (Szczecin, 1992) and J. Kochanowska et al, Zamek Ksią ąt Pomorskich w S c ecinie (Szczecin, 2002).

11. C. M. Clark, ‘When culture meets power: the Prussian coronation of 1701’, in Cultures of Power in Europe during the Long Eighteenth Century , eds. H. Scott and B. Simms (Cambridge, 2007), 17.

12. V. Bauer, Die höfische Gesellschaft in Deutschland von der Mitte des 17. bis zum Ausgang des 18. ahrhunderts: Versuch einer Typologie (Tübingen, 1993), 69.

13. Les lettres de Catherine II au Prince de Ligne (1780–1796) (Brussels and Paris, 1924), 104, 2 Dec. 1788.

14. Grimm, 51, 29 July 1776; Bil’basov, i: 5–6.

15. C. Scharf, Katharina II.: Deutschland und die Deutschen (Mainz, 1995), 66–7; Sochineniia , xii: 223.

16. Sochineniia , xii: (6), 11; Scharf, Katharina II , 87–90.

17. M. Fulbrook, Piety and politics: Religion and the rise of absolutism in England, Württemberg and Prussia (Cambridge, 1983), 9, 167; C. Hinrichs, Preußentum und Pietismus in Brandenburg-Preußen als religiös-so iale Reformbewegung (Göttingen, 1971), 148.