Robert Service: The Penguin History of Modern Russia

Yemelyanov, P.M., 300

Yenukidze, Avel S., 201

Yesenin, Sergei, 94–5, 138–9, 366

Yevtushenko, Yevgeni, 364–5

Yezhov, Nikolai, 218, 220, 221, 224–5, 228–9, 231–2, 242, 340

youth movement, 477

Yudenich, General Nikolai, 102, 108, 113, 116–17

Yugoslavia: right-wing dictatorship, 171; in World War II, 258; post- World War II settlement, 271, 307; and war’s end, 271; post-war revolutionary movement, 301–2; and formation of Cominform, 308; resists Soviet domination, 309–10; expelled from Cominform, 310; Khrushchëv visits, 337; Khrushchëv condemns revisionism in, 362; Shelepin advocates offensive against, 379; condemns Brezhnev Doctrine, 388; criticizes Soviet leadership, 409

Yukos, 550

Yushchenko, Viktor, 556

Yusupov, Prince Felix, 27

Zaikov, Lev, 438

Zamyatin, Yevgeni: We , 139

Zaslavskaya, Tatyana, 431, 440

zemgor, 29–30, 33

zemstva (local representative bodies), 6

Zhdanov, Andrei: and grain procurement, 170; and Party reorganization, 215–16; proposes democratization of local party organizations, 220; supports Stalin, 241; disputes over post-World War II policies, 302, 303, 379; and Cominform, 308; views on sciences and arts, 318–19

Zheleznyakov, Anatoli G., 75

Zhemchuzhina, Polina (Molotov’s wife), 316, 325

Zhirinovski, Vladimir, 520, 522, 527–8, 532, 533, 559

Zhivkov, Todor, 464, 483

Zhukov, Georgi: honourable behaviour in Great Terror, 223; uses tanks in Far East, 255; warns of German invasion, 260; in World War II, 265, 267; and taking of Berlin, 272; in plot against Beria, 333; heads Ministry of Defence, 337; appointed to Presidium, 344; supports Khrushchëv, 344; dismissed by Khrushchëv, 346, 372

Zinoviev, Grigori: in hiding in Finland, 50; opposes Lenin’s plan to seize power, 60; relations with Lenin, 72; scepticism over Bolsheviks’ continuing support, 81; Jewishness, 85, 201; biography of Lenin, 93; administrative agreement with colleagues, 110; encourages German communism, 126; on writers, 138; power in Politburo, 151; Lenin criticizes, 152; disagreements with Lenin, 153; and succession to Lenin, 154–5, 157–8; attacks Trotski, 156; and NEP, 158, 160; and Western powers, 158; Trotski criticizes, 159; in United Opposition, 160–61, 164; suppressed, 161; expelled from Party and readmitted, 162, 188; tried and sentenced, 215–16; shot, 218

Zionism, 317

Zoshchenko, Mikhail, 248, 319

Zubatov, Sergei, 13

Zubkov, Viktor, 559

Zyuganov, Gennadi: political discontent, 496–7; leads Communist Party of the Russian Federation, 520, 528; Duma elections (1995), 530–31 and (1999), 532; Presidential candidate (1996), 531; popularity over Yeltsin, 531; Presidential candidate (2000), 547, 553; Presidential candidate (2008), 559

Robert Service is Professor of Russian History at Oxford University and a Fellow of St Antony’s College. His other books include Lenin: A Biography and a textbook on the Russian Revolution as well as Russia: Experiment with a People , From 1991 to the Present . He has also published Stalin: A Biography and Comrades: A World History of Communism . He writes and broadcasts frequently on Russia and is a Fellow of the British Academy.

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First published by Allen Lane 1997

Published in Penguin Books as A History of Twentieth-Century Russia 1998

Second edition published as A History of Modern Russia , with revisions 2003

Third edition published under the current title with further revisions 2009

Copyright © Robert Service, 1997, 2003, 2009

All rights reserved

Maps by Nigel Andrews

Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser

ISBN: 978-0-14-193191-3