Richard Rhodes - The Making of the Atomic Bomb

indium, 246–47, 254

Infeld, Leopold, 169–70, 196

Inferno (Dante), 595

“Influence of hydrogenous substances on the radioactivity produced by neutrons—I” (Fermi), 219

information theory, 19

Ingeborg, Princess of Sweden, 483

Institute for Advanced Study, 109, 186, 284, 636

Institute for Theoretical Physics, 114, 165

Interim Committee, 628–29, 637

atomic bomb’s use recommended by, 650–51, 697

industrialists present at, 649–50

Scientific Panel of, 630, 633, 641–49, 696–97

Interior Department, U.S., 100

International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (1938), 243

International Physical Congress (1927), 128, 131–32

Interpretation of Radium (Soddy), 44

Iowa State College, 435

Irving, David, 346

Isezaki, 745

isothermal sphere, 671

isotopes, 43, 83

Italian Research Council, 209

Italy, 240–42, 249

Iwo Jima, 593–95

Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik , 172

James, Henry, 53–54, 57

James, William, 60

Japan:

atomic-attack warning proposal and, 647–50, 682, 684, 685–86, 691

atomic-warfare propaganda in, 736–37

atrocities committed by, 475

civilian casualties in, 595, 599–600, 640, 649, 714–34, 740–42

conventional bombing of, 407, 554, 586, 588–92, 595–600, 612, 627, 639–40, 649, 679, 687–88, 734

military policy of, 390, 518–20, 555, 556, 593–95, 597–98, 687–88, 698–99

nuclear research in, 327, 346, 375, 457–59, 580–82, 612

Pearl Harbor attacked by, 389–93

Stimson’s program for, 683–85, 689, 693, 742

surrender terms and proposals for, 684–89, 691, 692–93, 697, 736–37, 742–46

U.S. proposed invasion of, 641, 693–94, 698, 713, 736

Jeans, James, 84, 230

Jeppson, Morris, 705–6, 708

Jette, Eleanor, 569–70

Jette, Eric, 569–70

Jewett, Frank, 336–37, 362–66, 373–74, 386–87

Jews:

in Hungary, 105–7, 109, 111–12, 185

see also anti-Semitism

Joachimsthal mines, 118–19, 120

Jodl, Alfred, 629

Joffe, Abram, 501

Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S., 588, 589, 641, 686–87

Joliot-Curie, Irène and Frédéric, 327, 344, 427, 505, 606

beryllium radiation research of, 159–64

nuclear fission and, 271, 290, 296

positron research of, 200–201

radioactivity research of, 201–4, 209, 211, 213, 230

uranium research of, 234–35, 247

Joly, Maurice, 183

Jones, R. V., 455, 529–30

Jordan, Pascual, 117, 206

Jornada del Muerto, 652–53, 664, 666, 675, 678, 700

Joseph II, Emperor of Austria, 179

Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes, 16, 20, 23, 25, 45, 78–79, 81, 93, 173, 233–36, 251, 312, 331–32, 343, 345, 402, 607, 610

Kaiser Wilhelm Society, 78–79, 403–4

Kalkar, Fritz, 228 n

kamikaze attacks, 597–98

Kapitza, Peter, 165, 216, 501, 528–29

Rutherford and, 38, 164

Kármán, Mór, 105–6

Kármán, Theodore von, 104, 415

background of, 105–7, 109–11, 113

emigration of, 185

Károli, Mihály, 109–10

Kedourie, Elie, 781

Keegan, John, 102

Keitel, Wilhelm, 402–3

Kellex, 494–96

Kelvin, Lord, see Thomson, William

Kennedy, Joseph W., 353, 355, 674

Kierkegaard, Søren, 60–61, 63–64, 75, 76–77, 131

Kimmel, Husband E., 390–92

King Joseph Institute of Technology, 15

Kirk, Paul, 409

Kirkpatrick, Elmer, 679–80, 701

Kistiakowsky, George B.:

Alvarez and, 574–75

background of, 376–77

Compton and, 382, 387

Conant and, 358, 376–77, 542, 661–62

Groves and, 542

high-explosive castings of, 577, 656–57

implosion studies and, 542, 545, 547, 549, 574–77, 612

lens formulation and, 545, 549, 655, 656–57

Los Alamos and, 542–43, 545, 547, 565–67

military aspects of nuclear fission and, 377, 382, 387

Neddermeyer and, 542–43, 545, 547

Neumann and, 542

Oppenheimer and, 542, 547, 576, 661–62, 675

Parsons and, 542–43, 547, 549, 576

Trinity and, 655, 656–63, 667, 669, 675

Kitchener, Horatio Herbert, Lord, 96

Klaproth, Martin H., 118, 355

Klein, Oskar, 54, 57–58, 131

Knuth, Gus, 433

Kobe, firebombing of, 592, 600

Koestler, Arthur, 110–11

Kohman, Truman, 413

Kokura Arsenal:

as atomic bomb target, 628, 632, 689, 691, 700, 739

attempted atomic bomb run over, 740

scheduling atomic bombing of, 737–38

Konopinski, Emil, 416–17, 420

Kopp, Father, 716

Kowarski, Lew, 290, 296, 344–45

Koyama, Dr., 716

Kristallnacht , 249

Kuhnwald, Gottfried, 192–93, 195–96

Kumagaya, 745

Kun, Béla, 15–16, 110

Kungälv, 256–57

Kurchatov, Igor, 327, 500–502

Kuribayashi, Tadamichi, 594, 595

Kurti, Nicholas, 340

Kyoto, as atomic bomb target, 632, 639, 640–41, 647, 686

Kyoto, University of, 375, 459

Kyushu, 641, 713

Lady Godiva, 610

Lamb, Willis E., Jr., 267

Landsdale, John, Jr., 508, 583–84

Stassfurt mission of, 607–9, 612–13

lanthanum, 235, 247

Laplace, Pierre Simon de, 130

Larsen, Alf, 513–17

Lateran Councils (1179, 1215), 177

Laue, Max von, 16, 189, 236, 250, 329, 609, 735

Houtermans and, 370–71

Szilard and, 17, 19–20

on X-ray crystallography, 17, 19, 82

Lauritsen, Charles C., 144, 368, 446

Lavender, Robert A., 506, 507–8

Law for the Restoration of the Career Civil Service (1933), 26, 185, 188, 192

Lawrence, Ernest O., 21, 351–52, 776–77

arms race and, 643–44

background of, 143–45

Bush’s conflicts with, 361–62, 373, 378, 387

calutrons of, see racetracks

Compton and, 374–76, 381–83, 388, 399–400

cyclotrons and particle acceleration studied by, 145–48, 165, 240, 259, 349, 360, 487

electromagnetic isotope separation and, 360, 373, 388, 405–6, 448, 487–91, 500, 600, 602

Groves and, 448, 491

Interim Committee and, 630, 643, 648, 696

military aspects of nuclear fission and, 360–62, 366–67, 373–75, 377–78, 381–83

Oliphant and, 360, 373, 377

Oppenheimer and, 143, 146–47, 149, 151, 381–82, 444–47

plutonium’s fissibility and, 366–68, 388

political implications of atomic bomb and, 643

Trinity and, 656, 668–69, 672

Lawrence, John, 151, 240

Lawrence, William L., 706

Lee, Robert E., 521

LeMay, Curtis E., 589

Arnold and, 597, 599, 687

background of, 586–87

bombing strategy of, 586, 587, 595–96, 600, 627, 639–40, 649, 679–80, 687

Iwo Jima and, 593–94, 595

Little Boy’s combat delivery and, 701

Norstad and, 591–92, 597, 600

Tibbets and, 680

Tokyo bombings and, 595–98, 599–600

Lenard, Philipp, 47, 170

Lenin, V. I., 15

Lenz, M., 239

Leucippus, 29

Lewis, Isaac, 101

Lewis, Robert, 586, 700

Enola Gay and, 703–4

with Little Boy strike crew, 705–8, 710–11

Lewis, W. K., 376, 465, 476, 553

Libby, Leona Woods Marshall, 422–23, 425–26

Herbert Anderson and, 428, 437

Fermi and, 231–32, 363, 428, 436, 499, 568

Hanford piles and, 499, 556–57, 604

Los Alamos and, 568

plutonium described by, 659–60

Liebow, Averill A., 714–15, 719–30, 732, 734

Liebowitz, Benjamin, 194, 289

Life , 698–99

Lifton, Robert J., 715, 717, 720, 723, 728, 730, 732–33

light, characteristics of, 70–71, 128, 363–64

Lindbergh, Charles, 307, 312, 330