Richard Rashke - Useful Enemies

Richey, Warren. “US Has a Home-Grown Brand of Terrorism.” CSM, November 15, 1985.

Sasaki, Laralyn. “FBI Attributes Fatal Bombing in Santa Ana to ‘Extremists.’” LAT, July 17, 1986.

Shenon, Philip. “F.B.I. Chief Warns Arabs of Danger.” NYT, December 11, 1985.

“Suit to Revoke Citizenship Dismissed.” AP, July 10, 1980. Unger, Arthur. “Powerful ‘ABC Closeup’ Documentary on Nazi Fugitives.” CSM, January 11, 1980.

“U.S. Says Man Hid His SS Service.” Hartford Courant, December 6, 1979.

163 JDL descriptions are based on: FBI report NK-174A-2754 (undated); and on Lidman, Quindlen, and Richey.

163 “If we see guns”: Aarons.

164 “Soobzokov—you are a Nazi butcher”: FBI report 174–8375, Nov. 28, 1979. The letter was postmarked Sept. 13, 1979.

164 “Unless you drop”: FBI report NK 9–3262, May 18, 1978.

164 “What happened”: FBI report NY 174–2958, June 4, 1979.

164 Rape of JDL woman: David.

165 “One doesn’t ignore”: FBI report NK 174A-2754 U (undated). The meeting was held at Young Israel of Passaic-Clifton Temple.

165 “You better not mix up”: The letter was postmarked Paterson, NJ, June 25, 1969.

165 “You are barking up”: To Sheriff Engelhardt, postmarked Paterson, NJ, Aug. 26, 1985.

166 Police interview is based on FBI report Newark, 174A-2754, Aug. 23, 1985.

167 “Listen carefully”: McFadden.

167 “It is absolutely absurd”: Palermo, “FBI Links JDL to Bomb Threat of Arab Leader.”

Brentar, Jerome. “My Campaign for Justice for John Demjanjuk.” Journal of Historical Review, November-December 1993.

Davis, Brett. “Nazi Hunters: Are They Detectives or Zealots?” The Huntsville Times, October 27,l991.

——. “‘Ivan the Terrible’ Case Pivotal for Both OSI, Critics.” The Huntsville Times, October 28,l991.

——. “Rocket Scientist is a Controversial Target for OSI.” The Huntsville Times, October 29,l991.

——. “Case Against Artukovic Questions the Power of OSI.” The Huntsville Times, October 30,l991.

“Hearing on Nazi War Crimes Relights Spark of Ethnic Hatred.” CT, March 1, 1981.

Himka, John-Paul. “Letters: Ukrainians Who Resisted.” NYT, December 23, 1984.

Hryshko, Ukrainian Holocaust of 1933.

Kuropas, Myron B. “Voice of the People: A Ukrainian Reply to Book on Nazis in U.S.” CT, March 23, 1985.

Mathews, Jay. “Nazi-Hunt Methods Protested.” WP, March 23, 1985.

“Mr. Ryan’s Letter.” WP editorial, May 5, 1987.

O’Connor, Mark J. “Injustice Delayed Is Justice.” WSJ, August 12, 1985.

——. “A Nazi Hunt and a Conspiracy Accusation.” CT, October 26, 1985.

Romerstein, Herbert. “Divide and Conquer: The KGB Disinformation Campaign against Ukrainians and Jews.” Ukrainian Quarterly, Fall 2004.

Sheftel, Yoram. “Attempted Murder of John Demjanjuk.” New Federalist Weekly, Oct. 16, 1995. This was trial testimony before the Schiller Institute convened in Vienna, Virginia, August 31 and September 1, 1995, to investigate the gross misconduct of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Szaz, Z. Michael. “Justice or Witch Hunt?” CT, September 14, 1985.

U.S. Congress. House. Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Subcommittee on Oversight. Soviet Covert Action. 96th Cong., 2nd sess., February 6, 1980.

171 “Short life span…unrelenting attack”: The 1991 series of articles by Bret Davis in The Huntsville Times gives rich detail about the attacks on OSI. Davis’s October 28 story, “‘Ivan the Terrible’ Case Pivotal for Both OSI, Critics,” quotes Ryan as saying: “Looking back now, if we had lost the case, it would have been a blow to our credibility, but that probably would have been true of any case…It was one of the first cases we tried. And we were very much on line. If we had blown that case, we probably would have had a very short life span.” OSI critics frequently cite that statement as proof that the choice to try John Demjanjuk in Cleveland as Ivan the Terrible was political.

172 All quotes in the Romerstein summary are from his article.

173 “Evidence from Soviet sources”: Congressional Record, May 28, 1981, 10929–30.

174 “Major weapons”: U.S. Congress, Soviet Covert Action, 8–9.

174 “Forgeries are a preferred”: Ibid., 63–64.

175 “Soviet evidence and witnesses”: “450 Attend Rally at Parma Church to Support Demjanjuk,” CPD, Feb. 9, 1981; and “Ukrainian V Moroz Declares Courts Should Not Admit Evidence,” CPD, March 5, 1981.

175 A nun with a large cross: She may have been a fraud. She claimed that her name was Sister Eugenia and that she was associated with the Carmelite Church of the Holy Face. The Plain Dealer determined that the Church of the Holy Face was not associated in any way with the Carmelite order. “Demjanjuk Seems Calm as Trial Gets Underway,” CPD, Feb. 11, 1981.

175 “All Ukrainians kill Jews”: “Hearing on Nazi War Crimes Relights Spark of Ethnic Hatred,” CT, March 1, 1981.

175 “Russia murdered”: CPD, Feb. 11, 1981.

175 “We are protesting against”: “Ohio Man Accused of Nazi Crimes,” NYT, Feb. 11, 1981.

176 Some Ukrainian scholars refer to it: For example, Hryshko, The Ukrainian Holocaust of 1933.

176 Ukraine had one Einsatzgruppe operating in the area. Hillberg and others estimate that one thousand of the Kommandos in the group were Ukrainian volunteers. Ukrainian critics are correct. Historians like Hillberg do not distinguish between Ukrainians and Volksdeutsche.

These chapters are based on more than two thousand pages of transcripts from Demjanjuk’s 1981 denaturalization trial. All quotations come from those transcripts. Needless to say, these chapters provide only a summary, and not every witness who testified is summarized. The italics within the quotations are the author’s.

Alfreds Berzins. NA, RG 263, CIA Name Files, second release, Box 12.

Arad, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka.

Blatt, Thomas. From the Ashes of Sobibor: A Story of Survival. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1997.

——. Sobibor: The Forgotten Revolt. Issaquath, WA: H.E.P., 1998. Self-published.

Birnbaum, “Evian: The Most Fateful Conference.”

Brentar. “My Campaign for Justice.”

Davidson, Susie. “The Bush Family—Third Reich Connection: Fact or Fiction?” Jewish Advocate, Boston, April 19, 2001.

The Demjanjuk Trial, Landau, ed.

Hoehne, Heinz. The Order of the Death’s Head. Translated by Richard Barry. London: Penguin, 2000.

Memorandum Decision and Order. United States of America, Plaintiff v. John Demjanjuk, Defendant. No. C77–923, June 23, 1981.

O’Connor, Edward M. “Our Open Society Under Attack by the Despotic State.” Ukrainian Quarterly, Spring 1984.

Rashke, Escape From Sobibor.

Simpson, Blowback.

Stein, George H. The Waffen SS: Hitler’s Elite Guard at War 1939–1945. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1966.

Sydnor, Charles W., Jr. Soldiers of Destruction: The SS Death’s Head Division, 1933–1945. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977.