Richard Rashke - Useful Enemies

Ryan, Quiet Neighbors. Sereny, Into That Darkness.

——. The German Trauma: Experiences and Reflections 1938–2001. London: Penguin, 2000.

Tillery, Julia. Author’s interviews and correspondence with Rockler’s daughter, August–October 2010.

Civil Action N. C77–923, United States of America, Plaintiff… John Demjanjuk, a/k/a, Iwan Demjanjuk, a/k/a, Ivan Grozny (Ivan the Terrible ), August 25, 1977.

United States of America v. Frank Walus, 453 F. Supp. 699 (N.D. Ill 1978). Argued April 26, 1979, and decided February 13, 1980.

Wiseman, Thomas A. Report of the Special Master. June 30, 1993. Report to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, John Demjanjuk v. Joseph Petrovsky, et, al., No. 85–3435.

140 A list of thirteen Wall Street banks: The only source for this statement is John Loftus, author’s interview, April 15, 2001.

140 “Welcome to the Justice Department”: Loftus, America’s Nazi Secret, 2.

141 “He believed was withholding materials”: Wiseman, 8.

141 Rockler-Mendelson flap: Robert Pear, “Justice Department to Oust Nazi Hunter,” NYT, Jan. 6, 1980.

141 Ryan’s story is from his book, Quiet Neighbors.

142 “Forget [job] security”: Ryan, 67.

142 “Gotcha, you son-of-a-bitch”: Ryan, 107. There are several variations of the quotation.

143 Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal triggered: Bill Grady, “Walus Target of Nazi Hunter Wiesenthal,” CT, April 2, 1978.

143 “It’s a dirty, dirty, dirty trick”: Robert Enstad, “Nazi Link Vehemently Denies,” CT, Jan. 27, 1977.

143 “Because I’m a Jew”: “Alleged War Criminal is Attacked in Loop,” CT, Feb. 2, 1977.

144 “A Jewish witch hunt”: Lee Strobel, “Nazis Offer to Aid Defense in Atrocity Trial,” CT, Dec. 6, 1977. The neo-Nazi group was the National Socialist White People’s Party.

144 “If the devil would give”: Michael Hirsley, “Walus Sought Aid Through Neo-Nazis,” CT, June 3, 1978.

144 “Pig…Julius Hitler”: Robert Enstad, “Riot 7 Hit Judge With Tirades,” CT, Feb. 6, 1970; Anthony Lucas, “Judge Hoffman Is Taunted at Trial of the Chicago 7 After Silencing Defense Counsel,” NYT, Feb. 6, 1970.

144 “Sadistic old bastard”: Goulden, 139.

144 Survey of the Chicago Council of Lawyers and quotes: Ibid., 116–18.

144 “Her daughter came running”: Bill Grady, “Witness Says Walus Killed Two,” CT, March 29, 1978. The witness was Simon Mlodinow.

145 “Walus motioned with his hand”: Bill Grady, “Witness Links Walus to Deaths of Three Poles,” CT, March 23, 1978. The witness was Meylich Rosenwald.

145 “He took them to a nearby”: Bill Grady, “Walus Led Youth’s Death March: Nurse,” CT, March 25, 1978. The witness was Sara Leichter.

145 “Here is the murderer!”: Ibid.

145 “It is remarkable how I look”: Bill Grady, “Hoffman’s a Star, and He Loves It,” CT, May 31, 1978.

146 “In the face of the case presented by”: U.S. v. Frank Walus, 3.

146 “It’s a terrible conspiracy”: Bill Grady, “Walus Loses Citizenship,” CT, May 31, 1978.

146 “Are the atrocities charged against”: “Why Was Walus Tried?” CT, June 5, 1978.

146 “Prevent a miscarriage of justice”: Jay Branegan, “3 New Witnesses Confirm Slave Labor Story: Walus,” CT, Sept. 19, 1978.

146 “Inflammatory” in-court statements: Bill Grady, “Walus’ Lawyer Seeks New Citizenship Trial,” CT, June 9, 1978.

147 “Let’s not waste our time”: This and following quotes are from U.S. v. Frank Walus.

148 “There is no question of retrying”: Feigin analyzes the Walus case, 82–100.

148 OSI offered to pay: “U.S. Drops Case Against Suspected Nazi Criminal,” NYT, Nov. 27, 1980.

148 Ordered the government to pay Walus $31,000: “U.S. Must Pay $31,000 for Labeling Man a Nazi,” CT, Feb. 15, 1981.

148 Russek’s letter to Ryan, Dec. 1, 1980.

149 “It was a terrible nightmare”: “Nazi Accusation Turns Life Into a Nightmare,” NYT, May 1, 1983. For a fuller description of Walus’s feelings see Grady, “Walus Loses Citizenship,” and Arndt, “The Wrong Man,” CT, Dec. 2, 1984.

149 “His age and complaints”: “Julius Hoffman,” Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedia, http://en.academic.ru.

149 He discussed his concerns with a colleague: Wiseman, 102. Her name was Kathleen Coleman.

153 The description of the OSI meeting comes from the depositions of Rockler, Ryan, Parker, and Moscowitz as summarized in the Special Master’s Report. Wiseman, 105ff.

154 The Mendelsohn conflict comes from: Robert Pear, NYT, Jan. 6, 1980.

155 “We only wanted to question him”: Sereny, Into That Darkness, 338.

157 Kolesnikova was convinced: Ibid.

The Soobzokov and JDL story is based on more than one thousand pages of FBI reports released under a freedom of information request and on Feigin, The Office of Special Investigations.

Aarons, Leroy. “Jewish Defense League Resists Extremists of the Left and Right.” WP,June 28, 1969.

“Anonymous Caller Says He Sent Bombs to Ex-Nazis Living in the U. S.” AP, June 3, 1979.

Arnett, Earl. “Blum in Pursuit of Former Nazis Who Are Now Living the Good Life Here in the United States.” Baltimore Sun, January 24, 1977.

Anderson, Jack. “Long Memories in New Jersey about 3rd Reich.” WP, July 11, 1981.

——. “U.S. Gives Ex-Nazis Security Blanket.” WP, June 5, 1981.

Baier, Don. “Seek Special Prosecutor in Soobzokov Bomb Case.” New Solidarity, September 2, 1985.

Blumenthal, Ralph. “Man Accused of Nazi Past Injured by Bomb in Jersey.” WP, August 16, 1985.

Bunch, William, and Joseph Gambardello. “Rabbi Kahane Assassinated in City… Arab Man Blamed in Hotel Attack.” Newsday, November 6, 1990.

Cummings, Judith. “F.B.I. Says Jewish Defense League May Have Planted Fatal Bombs.” NYT, November 9, 1985.

David, Gunther. “Woman Spied on U.S. Nazis.” Philadelphia Bulletin, July 7, 1979.

Engelberg, Stephen. “F.B.I. Moving on Blasts Laid to Jewish Extremists.” NYT, July 17, 1986.

Jalon, Allan. “Bomb Hits Home of Man Who Calls Holocaust Myth.” LAT, May 15, 1985.

Janson, Donald. “Passaic Officials Hail an Employee Accused of Concealing Ties to Nazis.” NYT, December 8, 1979.

Lidman, Melanie. “1,000 Gather in Jerusalem to Mark Twentieth Anniversary of Kahane’s Assassination.” JP, October 27, 2010.

McFadden, Robert. “Blast at Home of Ex–War Crimes Suspect Injures One.” NYT, September 7, 1985.

O’Toole, Thomas. “CIA 1952 Files Save Ex-Nazi in Deportation Case.” WP, July 10, 1980.

Palermo, Dave. “‘85 Northridge Blast 1 of 4 Linked by FBI to ‘Elements’ of JDL.” LAT, July 6, 1986.

——. “FBI Links JDL to Bomb Death of Arab Leader.” LAT, November 8, 1985.

——. “FBI Links JDL ‘Elements’ to 4 ’85 Terror Bombs.” LAT, July 3, 1986.

——. “FBI Probes Tie to Southland Arab’s Death.” LAT, October 24, 1985.

Parish, Albert. “Pipe Bomb Death.” NYT, September 15, 1985.

Quindlen, Anna. “Without Kahane, Jewish Defense Seems to Decline.” NYT, June 20, 1980.