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Sönke Neitzel - Soldaten

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Название:
Soldaten
Автор:
Sönke Neitzel
Издательство:
Alfred A. Knopf
Жанр:
История / nonf_military / на английском языке
Год:
2012
Город:
New York
ISBN:
978-0307958129
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Soldaten: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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In 2001, spurred by a nagging curiosity over a transcript of a secretly recorded conversation he had come across in his research on the German U-boat wars, historian Sönke Neitzel paid a visit to the British national archives. He had heard of the existence of recorded interrogations of German POWs, but never about covert recordings taken within the confines of the holding cells, bedrooms, and camps that housed the prisoners. What Neitzel discovered, to his amazement, were reams of untouched, recently declassified transcripts totaling nearly eight hundred pages. Later, Neitzel would find another trove of protocols twice as extensive at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.
Though initially recorded by British intelligence with the intention of gaining information that might be useful for the Allied war effort, the matters discussed in these conversations ultimately proved to be limited in that regard. But for Neitzel and his collaborator, renowned social psychologist Harald Welzer, they would supply a unique and profoundly important window into the mentality of the soldiers in the Wehrmacht, the Luftwaffe, the German navy, and the military in general, almost all of whom had insisted on their own honorable behavior during the war. It is a myth these transcripts unequivocally debunk.
Soldaten
Soldaten

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351

SRA 4135, 3 July 1943, TNA, WO 208/4130.

352

See Lutz Budraß, Flugzeugindustrie und Luftrüstung in Deutschland, 1918–1945 (Düsseldorf: Droste Verlag, 1998).

353

SRA 510, 11 September 1940, TNA, WO 208/4119.

354

SRA 496, 10 September 1940, TNA, WO 208/4119.

355

SRA 4063, 5 June 1943, TNA, WO 208/4130.

356

SRA 5467 15 July 1944, TNA, WO 208/4134.

357

SRA 5710, 11 January 1945, TNA, WO 208/4135; Josef Priller, Geschichte eines Jagdgeschwaders: Das J.G. 26 (Schlageter) 1937–1945 (Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag, 1956), pp. 265, 335.

358

Mäckle got lost while flying a Ju 88 on a mission over the North Sea and accidentally landed in the English town of Woolbridge. His mistake hand-delivered Germany’s latest nighttime fighter jet technology to the British. Gebhard Aders, Geschichte der deutschen Nachtjagd, 1917–1945 (Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag, 1978), p. 250.

359

What was meant was probably the Me 210, which the Luftwaffe planned to introduce in 1940. The schedule was continually put back because of technical problems, and the model was ultimately abandoned. Rüdiger Kosin, Die Entwicklung der deutschen Jagdflugzeuge (Bonn: Bernard & Graefe, 1990), pp. 135–38.

360

SRA 117, 12 June 1940, TNA, WO 208/4118.

361

SRA 117, 12 June 1940, TNA, WO 208/4118.

362

SRA 3273, 16 October 1942, TNA, WO 208/4128.

363

SRA 3069, 30 August 1942, TNA, WO 208/4127.

364

SRA 4516, 11 September 1943, TNA, WO 208/4131. The stories refer to the He 219.

365

SRA 3069, 30 August 1942, TNA, WO 208/4127.

366

SRA 3307, 26 October 1942, TNA, WO 208/4128.

367

SRA 3943, 13 April 1943, TNA, WO 208/4130. In December 1941, a private spoke of having seen the He 177, the aircraft that was supposed to fly to America. SRA 2371, 6 December 1941, TNA/WO 208/4126. See also SRA 5545, 29 July 1944, TNA, WO 208/4134. See also Room Conversation, Krumkühler–Wolff, 26 August 1944, NARA, Entry 179, Box 566. The talk there is also of an aircraft supposedly to be used to drop propaganda leaflets on New York. Navy Lieutenant Josef Bröhl of U-432 spoke of a jet plane that would be used for the leaflet mission. SRN 1629, 11 April 1943, TNA, WO 208/4145.

368

See Karl Kössler and Günther Ott, Die großen Dessauer: Die Geschichte einer Flugzeugfamilie (Planegg: Aviatic-Verlag GmbH, 1993), pp. 103–5.

369

Peter Herde, Der Japanflug: Planungen und Verwirklichung einer Flugverbindung zwischen den Achsenmächten und Japan, 1942–1945 (Stuttgart: Steiner, 2000).

370

SRA 3950, 17 April 1943, TNA, WO 208/4130.

371

SRA 2992, 12 August 1942, TNA, WO 208/4127.

372

SRA 3465, 30 December 1942, TNA, WO 208/4128, mentions the principle behind the flying missile Me 163.

373

SRA 4235, 20 July 1943, TNA, WO 208/4130.

374

SRA 4709, 15 December 1943, TNA, WO 208/4132.

375

SRA 4880, 27 January 1944, TNA, WO 208/4132.

376

SRA 5114, 29 March 1944, TNA, WO 208/4133.

377

Ibid.

378

SRA 5531, 26 July 1944, TNA, WO 208/4134.

379

SRA 5456, 15 July 1944, TNA, WO 208/4134.

380

SRA 5732, 15 January 1945, TNA, WO 208/4135.

381

Jeffrey L. Ethell and Alfred Price, Deutsche Düsenflugzeuge im Kampfeinsatz, 1944/45 (Stuttgart: Motorbuch, 1981), p. 70ff.

382

Ralf Blank, “Kriegsalltag und Luftkrieg an der ‘Heimatfront,’” in Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg, Vol. 9/1, pp. 433–36. See also Heinz Dieter Hölsken, Die V-Waffen: Entstehung, Propaganda, Kriegseinsatz (Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1984); Ralf Schabel, Die Illusion der Wunderwaffen: Die Rolle der Düsenflugzeuge und Flugabwehrraketen in der Rüstungspolitik des Dritten Reiches (Munich: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 1994).

383

SRN 1559, 25 March 1943, TNA, WO 208/4145.

384

SRN 1622, 11 April 1943, TNA, WO 208/4145.

385

SRN 1986, 25 July 1943, TNA, WO 208/4146.

386

SRX 1532, 24 January 1943, TNA, WO 208/4162.

387

SRM 263, 27 October 1943, TNA, WO 208/4137.

388

SRX 1617, 11 March 1943, TNA, WO 208/4162.

389

SRN 2989, 3 March 1944, TNA, WO 208/4149; SRN 3379, 20 April 1944, TNA, WO 208/4151.

390

SRM 601, 25 June 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138; SRM 655, 18 July 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138.

391

SRM 263, 27 October 1943; SRM 291, 9 November 1943, TNA, WO 208/4137; SRN 2636, 4 January 1944, TNA, WO 208/4148; SRM 499, 21 March 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138; SRM 680, 26 July 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138; SRA 5199, 27 April 1944, TNA, WO 208/4133.

392

SRM 639, 8 July 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138.

393

SRM 491, 14 March 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138.

394

SRN 2851, 25 January 1944, TNA, WO 208/4149.

395

SRA 5196, 25 April 1944, TNA, WO 208/4133.

396

Hölsken, Die V-Waffen, p. 131ff.

397

Ibid., p. 103.

398

Ibid., p. 104ff.

399

Ibid., p. 109.

400

SRN 3922, 8 July 1944, TNA, WO 208/4153.

401

For example, Otto Elfeldt (SRGG 988, 24 August 1944, TNA, WO 208/4168) and Erwin Menny, Tagebuchblätter aus der Gefangenschaft, BA/MA, N 267/4.

402

SRM 655, 18 July 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138.

403

SRM 847, 30 August 1944, TNA, WO 208/4139. See also SRM 960, 10 October 1944, TNA, WO 208/4139; SRM 1077, 29 November 1944, TNA WO 208/4139; SRX 2075, 29 December 1944, TNA, WO 208/4164.

404

SRN 4130, 16 August 1944, TNA, WO 208/4155.

405

SRX 2048, 4 November 1944, TNA, WO 208/4164. See also SRN 4031, 4 August 1944, TNA, WO 208/4154. A V2 had the explosive capacity of two to three thousand bombs.

406

Lieutenant Borbonus of SS Junkerschule in Bad Tölz refers to such a speech by Hitler. SRM 914, 20 September 1944, TNA, WO 208/4139.

407

SRGG 543, 9 November 1943, TNA, WO 208/4167.

408

SRGG 596, 26 November 1943, TNA, WO 208/4167. On criticism of the V weapons, see SRM 722, 30 July 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138; SRM 1094, 21 November 1944, TNA, WO 208/4139.

409

See Kehrt, Moderne Krieger, pp. 291–97.

410

SRA 5512, 23 July 1944, TNA, WO 208/4134.