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Stephen Fritz - Frontsoldaten

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Название:
Frontsoldaten
Автор:
Stephen G. Fritz
Издательство:
The University Press of Kentucky
Жанр:
История / military_history / на английском языке
Год:
1997
Город:
Lexington
ISBN:
9780813127811
Рейтинг книги:
4 / 5. Голосов: 1
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Frontsoldaten: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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Alois Dwenger, writing from the front in May of 1942, complained that people forgot “the actions of simple soldiers…. I believe that true heroism lies in bearing this dreadful everyday life.”
In exploring the reality of the Landser, the average German soldier in World War II, through letters, diaries, memoirs, and oral histories, Stephen G. Fritz provides the definitive account of the everyday war of the German front soldier. The personal documents of these soldiers, most from the Russian front, where the majority of German infantrymen saw service, paint a richly textured portrait of the Landser that illustrates the complexity and paradox of his daily life.
Although clinging to a self-image as a decent fellow, the German soldier nonetheless committed terrible crimes in the name of National Socialism. When the war was finally over, and his country lay in ruins, the Landser faced a bitter truth: all his exertions and sacrifices had been in the name of a deplorable regime that had committed unprecedented crimes. With chapters on training, images of combat, living conditions, combat stress, the personal sensations of war, the bonds of comradeship, and ideology and motivation, Fritz offers a sense of immediacy and intimacy, revealing war through the eyes of these self-styled “little men.”
A fascinating look at the day-to-day life of German soldiers, this is a book not about war but about men. It will be vitally important for anyone interested in World War II, German history, or the experiences of common soldiers throughout the world.

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71. Letter of Harry Mielert (27 Nov. 1942), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 39; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 222, 398.

Chapter 5. The Seasons of War

1. Holmes, Firing Line, pp. 132–33; letters of Harry Mielert (19 Dec. 1942, 22 and 25 Sept. 1941), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, pp. 42–13, 16.

2. Diary entries (8,11, and 27 July 1941), in Prüller, Diary, pp. 80–81,85; Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, p. 247.

3. Letter of Harry Mielert (18 July 1941), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 15; letters of Corporal W.E. (4 Aug. 1941) and Corporal H.T. (31 Aug. 1942), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, pp. 76 no. 109, 97 no. 162.

4. Letters of Helmut Pabst (19 Oct. 1942) and Walther Happich (22 Nov. 1944), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 252–53, 453; Barbusse quoted in Holmes, Firing Line, p. 131.

5. Knappe and Brusaw, Soldat, p. 198; letters of Heinrich Witt (24 Oct. 1941), Hans-Heinrich Ludwig (18/20 Sept. 1941), Ernst Kleist (28 May 1940), and Helmut Wagner (29 Oct. 1943), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 64, 27, 65, 292.

6. Letters of Klaus Löscher (11 April 1944) and Rembrand Elert, in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 329, 348.

7. Diary entry (25 Oct. 1941), in Prüller, Diary, pp. 116–17; Munzel, Gekämpft, p. 244.

8. Knappe and Brusaw, Soldat, p. 187; letters of Günter von Scheven (18 Aug. 1941), Harald Henry (4 July 1941), and Ludwig Laumen (19 July 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 111, 71, 137.

9. Letters of Martin Penck (7 Sept. 1942) and Rembrand Elert (30 March 1944), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 154, 354; Hansmann, Vorüber—nicht vorbei, p. 119; diary entry (6 July 1941), in Prüller, Diary, p. 76.

10. Anonymous soldier quoted in Clark, Barbarossa, p. 160; letters of Private L.B. (n.d., probably Aug. 1941), Private H.S. (14 Sept. 1941), and Sergeant H.S., in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, pp. 77–78 no. 113, 80 no. 122, 80–81 no. 125;

11. Kreutz quoted in Clark, Barbarossa, pp. 369–70.

12. Diary entries (28 Sept., 3, 6, and 7 Oct. 1941), in Prüller, Diary, pp. 108–11; letter of Lieutenant H.H. (7 Dec. 1941), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, p. 90 no. 149.

13. Knappe and Brusaw, Soldat, pp. 202, 204–5.

14. Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 28–30; Hansmann, Vorüber—nicht vorbei, p. 15.

15. Hansmann, Vorüber—nicht vorbei, pp. 100–101.

16. Letters of Harry Mielert (5 March and 13 Feb. 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, pp. 58, 53; letter of Günter von Scheven (21 March 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 116.

17. Letters of Harald Henry (9 Nov. and 18 Oct. 1941) and Helmut Pabst (5 Feb. 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 85, 81–82, 247; letter of Sergeant K.H. (3 Feb. 1942), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, pp. 92–93 no. 156.

18. Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 345, 61, 317.

19. Pöppel, Heaven and Hell, p. 72; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 75, 333, 30; Knappe and Brusaw, Soldat, p. 202.

20. Letters of Harry Mielert (19 Oct. 1941 and 6 Dec. 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, pp. 21, 113.

21. Holmes, Firing Line, p. 131; anonymous soldiers quoted in Clark, Barbarossa, pp. 181, 160; diary entry (13 Oct. 1941), in Prüller, Diary, p. 114.

22. Hansmann, Vorüber—nicht vorbei, pp. 103, 138–39.

23. Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, p. 39.

24. Ibid., pp. 376–77, 384–86.

25. Woltersdorf, Gods of War, pp. 125–26. Instances of cannibalism almost certainly occurred at Stalingrad and in the chaos at the end of the war, when wounded men in unheated cattle cars were often forgotten and left on railroad sidings, where some of them froze to death.

26. Letter of Harry Mielert (31 Aug. 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 94; letter of Prosper Schücking (25 Nov. 1943), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 268; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 344, 404, 441; Ryback, “Stalingrad,” p. 66.

27. Anonymous soldier quoted in Lucas, War on the Eastern Front, p. 87; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 333–34; Guderian quoted in Clark, Barbarossa, p. 181.

28. Letter of Harry Mielert (6 Feb. 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 51; Knappe and Brusaw, Soldat, pp. 190–91, 203.

29. Woltersdorf, Gods of War, p. 57; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, p. 279; letters of Prosper Schücking (3 Dec. 1943) and Kurt Reuber (3 Dec. 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 269, 190. Some enterprising Landser even composed the “Ballad of the Louse,” sung to the tune of Lilli Marlene (quoted in Munzel, Gekämpft, pp. 243–44):

Once in the Kaserne things were nice and neat,
But in Russia’s vastness there’s no such thing as peace!
Never can you take your clothing off,
So daily the “eggs of the devil” itch all over us
the small, sweet louse.

I know your step, your nice soft walk.
Whether I’m awake or snoozing, along my legs you dart.
Soon you’ll suffer a misfortune,
For things can’t go on like that,
Your constant dashing about.

In a Panje hut in the middle of the night,
They began their rounds, sent a scouting party out.
In each little Panje hut,
There they breathed their last.
The small, sweet louse.

30. Letters of Ernst Jünger (Nov. 1944), Theodor Kinzelbach (29 June 1941), Martin Penck (29 July 1942) and Walther Weber (25 July 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 397, 53, 152–53, 141.

31. Knappe and Brusaw, Soldat, p. 187; letters of Bernhard Buhl (18 July 1942), Siegbert Stehmann (30 June 1944), Werner Pott (19 Dec. 1941) and Harald Henry (1 and 3 Dec. 1941), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 143, 420, 223, 88.

32. Hansmann, Vorüber—nicht vorbei, pp. 119, 113.

33. Letters of Harald Henry (23 and 30 June 1941), Martin Penck (10 Aug. 1942), and Rembrand Elert (21 and 22 March 1944), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 69–70, 153, 353.

34. Letter of Harry Mielert (26 April 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 74; letters of Helmut Pabst (18/19 Aug. 1942 and 8 March 1943) and Ernst Kleist (27 and 28 May 1940), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 251, 257, 26–27; Woltersdorf, Gods of War, p. 25.

35. Diary entries (1, 19, and 26 Dec. 1941), in Prüller, Diary, pp. 125, 129, 136.

36. Letter of Harry Mielert (19 Dec. 1942), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 42.

37. Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 51–52, 259, 254, 327, 404, 381–82.

38. Letter of Lieutenant H.G. (31 Jan. 1942), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, p. 150 no. 300.

39. Letter of Harry Mielert (27 Feb. 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 55.

40. Sienkiewicz quoted in Smithsonian 23 (Dec. 1992): 63; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, p. 245; Hansmann, Vorüber—nicht vorbei, p. 113; letter of Günter von Scheven (4 March 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 114.

41. Letters of Harry Mielert (29, 20, and 22 Oct. 1941, 30 Dec. 1942, 14 May 1943, 24 Oct. 1941, 24 Feb. 1943, and 18 Nov. 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, pp. 25, 22, 23, 46, 81,24, 54–55, 109.