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Stephen Fritz - Frontsoldaten

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Название:
Frontsoldaten
Автор:
Stephen G. Fritz
Издательство:
The University Press of Kentucky
Жанр:
История / military_history / на английском языке
Год:
1997
Город:
Lexington
ISBN:
9780813127811
Рейтинг книги:
4 / 5. Голосов: 1
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Frontsoldaten: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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Alois Dwenger, writing from the front in May of 1942, complained that people forgot “the actions of simple soldiers…. I believe that true heroism lies in bearing this dreadful everyday life.”
In exploring the reality of the Landser, the average German soldier in World War II, through letters, diaries, memoirs, and oral histories, Stephen G. Fritz provides the definitive account of the everyday war of the German front soldier. The personal documents of these soldiers, most from the Russian front, where the majority of German infantrymen saw service, paint a richly textured portrait of the Landser that illustrates the complexity and paradox of his daily life.
Although clinging to a self-image as a decent fellow, the German soldier nonetheless committed terrible crimes in the name of National Socialism. When the war was finally over, and his country lay in ruins, the Landser faced a bitter truth: all his exertions and sacrifices had been in the name of a deplorable regime that had committed unprecedented crimes. With chapters on training, images of combat, living conditions, combat stress, the personal sensations of war, the bonds of comradeship, and ideology and motivation, Fritz offers a sense of immediacy and intimacy, revealing war through the eyes of these self-styled “little men.”
A fascinating look at the day-to-day life of German soldiers, this is a book not about war but about men. It will be vitally important for anyone interested in World War II, German history, or the experiences of common soldiers throughout the world.

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8. Knappe and Brusaw, Soldat, p. 151; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 330, 184, 189.

9. Letters of Harry Mielert (24 Feb. and 14 May 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, pp. 54, 80; diary entry (17 Sept. 1939), in Prüller, Diary, p. 29.

10. Letter of anonymous soldier quoted in Schneider and Gullans, Last Letters, p. 104; letter of Corporal F.B. (24 Jan. 1943), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, p. 151, no. 304; letters of Harry Mielert (27 Nov. 1942, and 3 Feb. 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, pp. 39, 49; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, p. 250.

11. Letters of Leopold von Thadden-Trieglaff (16 March 1943), Friedrich Andreas von Koch (16 April 1943), Meinhart Freiherr von Guttenberg (mid-Sept. 1939) and Ernst Kleist (14 May 1940), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 220, 244, 12, 24; letter of Harry Mielert (7 July 1941), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 13.

12. Letters of Harald Henry (17, 18, 20, and 7 Oct. 1941), in Bähr and Bähr Kriegsbriefe, pp. 81, 82–83, 78.

13. Letters of Helmut von Harnack (6 Jan. 1942) and Rembrand Elert (9 March 1944), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 93, 349; letter of anonymous soldier (11 July 1941), in Dollwet, “Menschen im Krieg,” p. 314; diary entry (17 Sept. 1939), in Prüller, Diary, p. 29, letter of Walther Weber (3 March 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 140.

14. Letter of Harry Mielert (27 Nov. 1942), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 39; letter of Kurt Reuber (29 Dec. 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 202; Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, p. 248.

15. Letters of Harry Mielert (1 Oct. and 1 Dec. 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, pp. 99–100, 111.

16. Ibid. (8 Nov. and 24 Nov., 12 Oct., and 24 Nov. 1943), pp. 108, 110, 101, 110.

17. Hansmann, Vorüber—nicht vorbei, p. 135.

18. Ibid., pp. 135–136.

19. Letter of Leopold von Thadden-Trieglaff (16 March 1943), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 218–222.

20. Ibid., pp. 222–23.

21. Interview with anonymous Landser in Lucas, War on the Eastern Front, pp. 159–60.

22. Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 207–08; Hansmann, Vorüber—nicht vorbei, p. 115.

23. Diary entries (7 July, 2 Nov., and 22 Dec. 1941), in Prüller, Diary, pp. 77, 121, 131.

24. Letter of Bernhard Beckering (2 Jan. 1945), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 431; interview with Werner Paulsen, in Niethammer, “Heimat und Front,” p. 191.

25. Woltersdorf, Gods of War, pp. 35–1.

26. Ibid., pp. 193–195.

27. Diary entry of Lieutenant Weiner, in Clark, Barbarossa, p. 238.

28. Letter of Hans-Heinrich Ludwig (19/20 Nov. 1941), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 68.

29. Letters of Friedrich Leonhard Martius (23 Sept. 1944) and Max Aretin-Eggert (6 Aug. 1943), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 369, 359.

30. Diary entry (17 Dec. 1941), in Prüller, Diary, pp. 127–28.

31. Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 174, 176–78.

32. Ibid., p. 183.

33. Ibid., pp. 184–85, 190–91.

34. Ibid., pp. 192–94; letter of Heinz Küchler (11 July 1941), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 160.

35. Diary entry (1 July 1941), in Prüller, Diary, p. 69; Woltersdorf, Gods of War, p. 73.

36. Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, pp. 176, 208, 223, 249.

37. Letter of Harry Mielert (29 March 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, pp. 66–67.

38. Letters of Günter von Scheven (14 Feb. 1942) and Werner Pott (19 Dec. 1941), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 113, 223–24.

39. Letters of Helmut Pabst (18/19 Aug. 1942, 2 March 1943 and 10 Sept. 1943), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 251, 255–56, 260–61; letter of anonymous soldier (4 March 1943), in Dollwet, “Menschen im Krieg,” p. 312.

40. Browning, Ordinary Men, p. xix; letter of Private H.M. (17 Nov. 1943), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, p. 152, no. 308.

41. Hansmann, Vorüber—nicht vorbei, pp. 81–82.

42. Ibid., pp. 83, 76.

43. Letter of Lieutenant A.B. (19 Oct. 1942), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andre Gesicht, pp. 150–51 no. 302.

44. Letters of Kurt Vogeler (Dec. 1941); Heinz Küchler (11 July 1941); and Johannes Huebner (14 April 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 109–10, 159–60, 180; letter of Harry Mielert (14 Nov. 1942), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, pp. 36–37; letter of Private L.B. (Aug. 1944), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, p. 157 no. 321.

45. Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 103–5.

46. Ibid., pp. 299, 186–89.

47. Browning, Ordinary Men, p. 11; Keitel’s decree of 13 May 1941 in Hans-Adolf Jacobsen, “Kommissarbefehl und Massenexekutionen sowjetischer Kriegsgefangener,” in Anatomie des SS-Staates, Hans Buchheim, Martin Broszat, Helmut Krausnick, and Hans-Adolf Jacobsen, 2:216–18; Nacht und Nebel decree of 12 Dec. 1941 in Poliakov and Wulf, pp. 495–98.

48. Bartov, “The Missing Years” pp. 54, 57–58; Steinert, Hitler’s War, pp. 264–302; Gurfein and Janowitz, “Wehrmacht Morale,” pp. 200–208.

49. Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 118–19; interview with Max Landowski, in Schröder, “Erfahrungen deutscher Mannschaftssoldaten,” p. 318; letter of Private H. (16 July 1941), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, p. 74 no. 105.

50. Letters of Captain F.M. (15 Aug. 1941) and Private A.V. (16 Sept. 1941), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, pp. 78 no. 115, 80 no. 123; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 32–33.

51. Letters of Railroad-Inspector K.S. (8 Oct. 1941), Private H.T. (28 Nov. 1941), Sergeant A.R. (23 Oct. 1941) and Corporal H.G. (24 Sept. 1941), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, pp. 170 no. 346, 88 no. 147, 84–85 no. 137, 82 no. 128.

52. Interview with Max Landowski, in Schröder, “Erfahrungen deutscher Mannschaftssoldaten,” pp. 317–18.

53. Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, p. 154.

54. Interview with Matthias Jung, in Tekampe, Kriegerzählungen, pp. 116–17; interview with Fritz Harenberg, in Niethammer, “Heimat und Front,” p. 170.

55. Herbert Selle and anonymous soldier quoted in Klee, Dressen, and Riess, Good Old Days, pp. 108–11.

56. Anonymous soldier quoted in ibid., pp. 117–18.

57. Anonymous soldiers quoted in ibid., pp. 38–4.

58. Letter of Harry Mielert (12 April 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 70; letter of Corporal L.K. (29 Oct. 1941), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, p. 85 no. 139. For more on the ideological aspects of the war and the German dehumanization of Soviet soldiers, see below Chapter 8. See also Bartov, Eastern Front, pp. 77–81; Bartov, Hitler’s Army, pp. 106–78.

59. Letter of Helmut von Harnack (6 Jan. 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 93; letters of Private M.S. (11 Aug. 1941), Private R.L. (1 Aug. 1941), and anonymous private (19 Nov. 1941), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, pp. 76 no. 108, 78 no. 114, 87 no. 144.

60. Anonymous soldiers quoted in Lucas, War on the Eastern Front, pp. 33, 193.

61. Hickmann, anonymous soldier, and Hohenstein quoted in Hastings, Overlord, p. 183; Pöppel, Heaven and Hell, pp. 123, 162.

62. Pöppel, Heaven and Hell, pp. 176, 206, 210–13, 238.

63. Letter of Harry Mielert (14 July 1941), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 14.