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Stephen Fritz - Frontsoldaten

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Название:
Frontsoldaten
Автор:
Stephen G. Fritz
Издательство:
The University Press of Kentucky
Жанр:
История / military_history / на английском языке
Год:
1997
Город:
Lexington
ISBN:
9780813127811
Рейтинг книги:
4 / 5. Голосов: 1
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Frontsoldaten: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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Alois Dwenger, writing from the front in May of 1942, complained that people forgot “the actions of simple soldiers…. I believe that true heroism lies in bearing this dreadful everyday life.”
In exploring the reality of the Landser, the average German soldier in World War II, through letters, diaries, memoirs, and oral histories, Stephen G. Fritz provides the definitive account of the everyday war of the German front soldier. The personal documents of these soldiers, most from the Russian front, where the majority of German infantrymen saw service, paint a richly textured portrait of the Landser that illustrates the complexity and paradox of his daily life.
Although clinging to a self-image as a decent fellow, the German soldier nonetheless committed terrible crimes in the name of National Socialism. When the war was finally over, and his country lay in ruins, the Landser faced a bitter truth: all his exertions and sacrifices had been in the name of a deplorable regime that had committed unprecedented crimes. With chapters on training, images of combat, living conditions, combat stress, the personal sensations of war, the bonds of comradeship, and ideology and motivation, Fritz offers a sense of immediacy and intimacy, revealing war through the eyes of these self-styled “little men.”
A fascinating look at the day-to-day life of German soldiers, this is a book not about war but about men. It will be vitally important for anyone interested in World War II, German history, or the experiences of common soldiers throughout the world.

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64. Letters of Corporal W.F. (22 Aug. 1941) and Corporal M.H. (2 Sept. 1941), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, pp. 79 no. 118, 79–80 no. 121; letters of Dieter Georgii (April 1944) and Helmut Wagner (27 Nov. 1943), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 344, 292.

65. Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 327–28.

66. Report of Second Panzer Division in Hastings, Overlord, pp. 181–82.

67. Knappe and Brusaw, Soldat, pp. 156, 206–7, 162; Woltersdorf, Gods of War, p. 105; Pöppel, Heaven and Hell, pp. 87–88.

68. Knappe and Brusaw, Soldat, pp. 207–8; Woltersdorf, Gods of War, p. 116; interview with Josef Paul, in Niethammer, “Heimat und Front,” p. 197.

69. Hansmann, Vorüber—nicht vorbei, pp. 146–48.

70. Ibid., 150–55.

71. Ibid., 156–57.

72. Ibid., 157–59.

73. Letter of Siegbert Stehmann (15 June 1940), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 413; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 174, 220.

74. Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, p. 166; letters of anonymous soldier in Schneider and Gullans, Last Letters, pp. 60, 71, 34.

Chapter 4. Withstanding the Strain

1. Letter of Harry Mielert (20 Sept. 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 99; van Creveld, Fighting Power, p. 172; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, p. 99; letter of Helmut Pabst (29 March 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 249.

2. Hansmann, Vorüber—nicht vorbei, p. 47.

3. Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 199–201.

4. Ibid., pp. 245, 257.

5. Hastings, Overlord, p. 182; letter of Harry Mielert (12 Nov. 1941), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 28; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, p. 71.

6. Letter of Harry Mielert (25 Dec. 1942), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, pp. 43–44.

7. Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, pp. 274–75.

8. Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, pp. 128, 163; letter of Harry Mielert (20 Sept. 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 99; letter of Prosper Schücking (30 Sept. 1943), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 266; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 75, 367.

9. Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, p. 250. Grupe claimed that the so-called “Gustav-Lied” (pp. 250–51) was sung everywhere in his area:

Schön ist die Nacht, die Flak ist erwacht,
die Scheinwerfer suchen, Landser sie fluchen:
“Alarm, Alarm, Alarm!”
Es sind nicht viele, nur Eine Mühle,
die pünktlich wie immer bei Mondscheingeflimmer
uns sucht—uns allein!

Hörst du den Motor? Jetzt setzt er aus!
Nun hat er was vor—
Bomben, die schmeißt er dem Landser vors Haus…
Ohne zu lauschen, hörst du sie rauschen,
splittern und krachen, Lärm sehr viel machend
schlägt’s ein—oh, wie gemein!

Hast du ihn gehört—Jetzt macht er kehrt!
Gustav fliegt nach Haus
und auch die Flak, die setze jetzt wieder aus—
im Lande der Maüse, Wanzen und Läuse
herrscht wieder stille—jedermanns Wille
ist Ruh’, bald ruhst auch du…!

The night is beautiful, the flak is alert,
the searchlights hunt, Landsers they curse:
“Alarm, Alarm, Alarm!”
There aren’t very many, only a crate,
that punctual as ever by the moonlight’s glimmer
seeks us—us alone!

Do you hear the motor? Now he’s turned it off!
He now has something outside—
Bombs, that he throws at the Landsers in front of the house…
Without really listening, you hear them swishing,
shattering and crashing, making such a racket
one strikes—oh how awful!

Did you hear him—now he’s turning around!
Gustav’s flying back to his house
and now again the flak has stopped—
in the land of the mice, bugs, and lice
again all is quiet—quiet is
everyone’s wish, soon rest comes even to you…!

10. Munzel, Gekämpft, p. 244.

11. Ibid., pp. 244–45.

12. Ibid., pp. 244, 242. The German rhyme reads as follows:

Wie das wohl ist, wenn Samt und Seide
der Damenwelt uns wieder rauschen,
und nicht mehr in die Nacht wir lauschen,
dem dunklen Spuk in Wald und Heide;
wenn alle Stoppeln endlich fallen,
die jetzt noch wuchern wild und bärtig
und bis aufs Hemd gesellschaftsfertig,
den Schlips wir statt des Koppels schnallen?

13. Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, pp. 145, 188, 209–10; diary entry (27 July 1941), in Prüller, Diary, pp. 85–86; letter of anonymous soldier (Aug. 1944), in Hastings, Overlord, p. 219.

14. Diary entries of (12 Aug. and 11 Sept. 1941), in Prüller, Diary, pp. 92–93, 104.

15. Letter of Martin Lindner (31 July 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 169; letter of anonymous soldier, in Schneider and Gullans, Last Letters, pp. 26–27.

16. Hansmann, Vorüber—nicht vorbei, pp. 111–12.

17. Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 123, 127, 219, 354.

18. Hansmann, Vorüber—nicht vorbei, pp. 64–65.

19. Letter of anonymous soldier (31 Jan. 1943), in Knoch, “Kriegsalltag,” p. 246 n 9.

20. Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 354, 141, 143, 150.

21. Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, pp. 129, 145, 147.

22. Letter of Karl Fuchs (5 Nov. 1941), in Richardson, Sieg Heil! pp. 152–53.

23. Letter of anonymous soldier (April 1940), in Latzel, “Zumutungen des Krieges,” pp. 212–13; letter of anonymous soldier, Schneider and Gullans, in Last Letters, p. 82.

24. Letters of Harry Mielert (14 and 17 March 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, pp. 59–60, 62.

25. Letters of Harry Mielert (20 March and 11 Sept. 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, pp. 62–63, 98.

26. Opitz, “Die Stimmung,” pp. 233–34; diary entry (21 June 1941), in Prüller, Diary, p. 62; Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, p. 145; letter of Lieutenant H.H. (20 May 1941), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, p. 67 no. 88.

27. Diary entries (30 Jan., 26 Feb. and 23 March 1942), in Prüller, Diary, pp. 141, 144, 149; letter of Corporal R.M. (Feb. 1942), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, p. 93 no. 157; letter of Martin Lindner (22 July 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 167.

28. Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, p. 311. On the importance of camaraderie, see also Chapter 7; van Creveld, Fighting Power, and Shils and Janowitz, “Cohesion and Disintegration.”

29. Prüller, Diary, p. 97; letter of Franz Rainer Hocke (26 July 1944), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 377; letters of anonymous soldiers (19 July 1940,2 Oct. 1941 and 14 Aug. 1943), in Dollwet, “Menschen im Krieg,” pp. 295, 310, 287; Parth, Vorwärts Kameraden, p. 399.

30. Letters of Harry Mielert (21 Jan. and 2 Dec. 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, pp. 46, 112; letter of Private H.M. (18 Dec. 1941), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, p. 91 no. 152.

31. Letter of Harry Mielert (24 Feb. 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 54; Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, pp. 227, 253, 244; Pöppel, Heaven and Hell, pp. 100, 154, 211.

32. Pöppel, Heaven and Hell, p. 233.

33. Letter of Prosper Schücking (25 Nov. 1943) and diary entry of Martin Lindner (20 Nov. 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 268, 171.

34. Letters of Max Aretin-Eggert (6 Aug. 1943) and Jürgen Mogk (7 Sept. 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 360, 314.