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Stephen Fritz - Frontsoldaten

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Название:
Frontsoldaten
Автор:
Stephen G. Fritz
Издательство:
The University Press of Kentucky
Жанр:
История / military_history / на английском языке
Год:
1997
Город:
Lexington
ISBN:
9780813127811
Рейтинг книги:
4 / 5. Голосов: 1
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Frontsoldaten: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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Alois Dwenger, writing from the front in May of 1942, complained that people forgot “the actions of simple soldiers…. I believe that true heroism lies in bearing this dreadful everyday life.”
In exploring the reality of the Landser, the average German soldier in World War II, through letters, diaries, memoirs, and oral histories, Stephen G. Fritz provides the definitive account of the everyday war of the German front soldier. The personal documents of these soldiers, most from the Russian front, where the majority of German infantrymen saw service, paint a richly textured portrait of the Landser that illustrates the complexity and paradox of his daily life.
Although clinging to a self-image as a decent fellow, the German soldier nonetheless committed terrible crimes in the name of National Socialism. When the war was finally over, and his country lay in ruins, the Landser faced a bitter truth: all his exertions and sacrifices had been in the name of a deplorable regime that had committed unprecedented crimes. With chapters on training, images of combat, living conditions, combat stress, the personal sensations of war, the bonds of comradeship, and ideology and motivation, Fritz offers a sense of immediacy and intimacy, revealing war through the eyes of these self-styled “little men.”
A fascinating look at the day-to-day life of German soldiers, this is a book not about war but about men. It will be vitally important for anyone interested in World War II, German history, or the experiences of common soldiers throughout the world.

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16. Letter of Corporal A.K. (17 May 1944), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, p. 131 no. 251; letter of Harry Mielert (26 April 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, pp. 74–75.

17. Letters of Harald Henry (1 and 3 Dec. 1941), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 87; Knappe and Brusaw, Soldat, p. 206.

18. Holmes, Firing Line, p. 197; Woltersdorf, Gods of War, p. 73; letters of Hans-Friedrich Stäcker (21 July 1940) and Günter von Scheven (9 March 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 32, 115–16.

19. Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, p. 173; letters of Harry Mielert (14 Dec. 1942, 31 March 1943, and 1 Dec. 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, pp. 40–41, 67, 111; letter of Friedrich Böhringer (1 March 1944), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 320.

20. Heinrich, Cross of Iron, p. 15; Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, p. 98; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, p. 245.

21. Letter of Frau L.S. (27 Feb. 1942), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, p. 150 no. 301; letter of Harry Mielert (14 May 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 80; Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, pp. 248–49; letter of anonymous soldier (25 March 1942), in Dollwet, “Menschen im Krieg,” p. 313; letters of Bernhard Beckering (5 and 11 April 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 429.

22. Heinrich, Cross of Iron, p. 282; letters of Günter von Scheven (Jan. 1942) and Reinhard Becker-Glauch (Feb. 1943), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 120, 399; Hansmann, Vorüber—nicht vorbei, pp. 55–56.

23. Letter of Gerhard Meyer (5 Aug. 1941), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 211.

24. Letters of Friedrich Andreas von Koch (16 April 1943), Klaus Löscher (16 and 18 Jan. 1944), and Prosper Schücking (5 Oct. 1943), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 244–45, 325, 267.

25. Letter of Harry Mielert (25 Feb. 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 55; Knappe and Brusaw, Soldat, p. 192.

26. Letters of Franz Rainer Hocke (26 July and 26 Aug. 1944) and Konrad Wilhelm Henckell (10 Sept. 1943), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 377, 272; letter of Harry Mielert (5 July 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 84.

27. Letter of Helmut Pabst (8 April 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 249; letter of Harry Mielert (7 Dec. 1941) and diary entry of Harry Mielert (10 June 1941), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, pp. 35, 9–10; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, p. 141.

28. Letter of Wolfgang Döring (7 Dec. 1940), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 18–19.

29. Letters of Harald Henry (18 Aug. 1941), Günter von Scheven (2 Sept. 1941), Heinz Küchler (22 Sept. 1941), Rudolf Bader (19 Dec. 1943) and Rudolf Halbey (4 Jan. 1943), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 74, 111, 162, 356, 275; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, p. 288.

30. Letters of Wolfdietrich Schröter (30 May 1940), Wolfgang Döring (7 Dec. 1940), Horstmar Seitz (2 Sept. 1942), and Helmut Pabst (5 May 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 30, 19, 285, 250; letter of Harry Mielert (28/29 Dec. 1942), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, pp. 44–45; letters of Wolfgang Kluge (5 Oct. 1943) and Martin Lindner (31 July 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 288, 168–9.

31. Letters of Reinhard Becker-Glauch (27 Sept. 1944), Rolf Schroth, (Spring 1942), Eberhard Wendebourg (5 Oct. 1941), and Hans Pietzcker (26 Dec. 1941, 22 Dec. 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 403, 165, 106, 214–16.

32. Letters of Helmut Pabst (2 March 1943, 10 Sept. 1943), Reinhard Goes (23 July 1944), Hans-Friedrich Stäcker (21 July 1940) and Hans Schmitz (Spring 1941), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 256, 260, 455, 32, 37. Many young Germans had read and been influenced by Ernst Jünger’s works, especially In Stahlgewittern: Aus dem Tagebuch eines Stosstruppf ü hrers ( The Storm of Steel: The Diary of a German Storm-trooper ), a general account of his experiences in World War I, and Der Kampf als inneres Erlebnis (War as Inner Experience), which emphasized the collective experience and camaraderie of the war.

33. Letter of Wolfgang Döring (28 May 1940), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 17; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 85, 178, 183, 234.

34. Letter of Hans August Vowinckel (29 June 1941), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 256; soldier quoted in Lucas, War on the Eastern Front, pp. 170–71.

35. Letters of Helmut Pabst (2 March 1943, 10 Sept. 1943), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 256, 259–60.

36. Letter of Harry Mielert (20 Sept. 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, pp. 98–99.

37. Knappe and Brusaw, Soldat, pp. 199–200; letters of Günter von Scheven (4 March 1942), Hans-Heinrich Ludwig (1 Dec. 1941), Leopold von Thadden-Trieglaff (16 March 1943), Hans Nicol (26 April 1944), Kurt Reuber (5 Dec. 1942), and Rudolf Halbey (4 Jan. 1943), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 114, 68, 221, 337, 191, 273; letter of Harry Mielert (6 Dec. 1943), in Mielert-Pflugradt, Russische Erde, p. 113.

38. Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, pp. 261, 185, 206; letter of anonymous soldier (25 June 1944), in Dollwet, “Menschen im Krieg,” p. 290; diary entry of Rudolf Halbey (4 Jan. 1943), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 274.

39. Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, p. 172; letter of Walther Happich (27 Feb. 1945), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 454–55.

40. Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, pp. 74, 99, 100–101, 144–48, 172, 165–66.

41. Letter of Harald Henry (4 July 1941), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 71; anonymous soldier quoted in Holmes, Firing Line, p. 178; Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, p. 187; Knappe and Brusaw, Soldat, pp. 148, 197.

42. Malaparte, Kaputt, pp. 39–41; letters of Siegbert Stehmann (5 Aug. 1941), Wolfgang Kluge (3 Oct. 1943), and Johannes Huebner (Sept. 1939), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 414, 288, 177; Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, p. 83.

43. Letters of Harald Henry (12 Oct. 1941) and Friedrich Reinhold Haag (12 July 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 79, 212.

44. Letters of Helmut Neelsen (May 1940) and Hans-Heinrich Ludwig (18/20 Sept. 1941), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 23, 65; letter of Private H.B. (24 May 1940), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, p. 55 no. 57; letter of Alois Dwenger (24 June 1942), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 125.

45. Letters of Private A.M. (May 1940), Captain F.M. (June 1940), Corporal E.B. (26 May 1940), and Private L.B. (11 Nov. 1941), in Buchbender and Sterz, Andere Gesicht, pp. 55 no. 58, 58–59 no. 69, 56 no. 60, 86 no. 142.

46. Sajer, Forgotten Soldier, p. 68; letters of Hans Pietzcker (26 Dec. 1941) and Kurt Reuber (Advent 1943), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, pp. 214–15, 208–9.

Chapter 7. The Bonds of Comradeship

1. Letters of Gerhard Meyer (23 July and 5 Aug. 1941), in Bähr and Bähr, Kriegsbriefe, p. 210.

2. Heinrich, Cross of Iron, pp. 127–28.

3. Letter of Karl Fuchs (27 Feb. 1941), in Richardson, Sieg Heil! p. 90; van Creveld, Fighting Power, p. 45.

4. Van Creveld, Fighting Power, esp. pp. 74–76, 33–37; letter of Karl Fuchs (3 Aug. 1940), in Richardson, Sieg Heil! pp. 72–73. On the emotional importance of the Ersatzbataillone, see Grupe, Jahrgang 1916, pp. 106–15.