Vadim Birstein - The Perversion of Knowledge

75. Koppes and Black, Hollywood , p. 193.

76. MacLean, Elizabeth Kimball, Joseph E. Davies. Envoy to the Soviets (Praeger: Westpoint, CT, 1992), pp. 106–107; Hoberman, J., The Red Atlantis. Communist Culture in the Absence of Communism (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1998), pp. 161–162.

77. Hoberman, The Red Atlantis , p. 162.

78. MacLean, Joseph E. Davies , p. 179.

79. Koch, As Time Goes By, p. 169.

80. MacLean, Joseph E. Davies , p. 93.

81. Fariello, Red Scare, p. 276.

82. Costello and Tsarev, Deadly Illusions , p. 299. See also Orlov, The Secret Story , pp. 237–238; Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB , pp. 138–139; and Conquest, The Great Terror , p. 409.

83. According to the writer Edvard Radzinsky, the record of a closed Military Collegium session on February 3, 1940, is the last item in the NKVD Yezhov File (Case File 510) at the KGB/FSB Archive (Radzinsky, Stalin , p. 431).

84. The postmortem report dated December 2, 1938, is cited in ibid., p. 422.

85. Ibid., p. 427. The declassified “History of Comrade Krupskaya’s Illness” is now kept at the Party Archive in Moscow.

86. Conquest, The Great Terror , pp. 408–409.

87. For details, see, for instance, Poretsky, Elisabeth K., Our Own People: A Memoir of “Ignace Reiss” and His Friends (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1970), pp. 208–242.

88. Primakov, Ocherki istorii , vol. 3, pp. 82–84.

89. Andrew and Mitrokhin, The Sword and the Shield , pp. 75–76.

90. Ibid., pp. 69–71.

91. Kokurin and Petrov, Lubyanka , pp. 20–21.

92. Mlechin, Predsedateli KGB , p. 144. The mechanisms of listing the victims and of the approval of the lists of persons condemned to death by Stalin, Molotov, Yezhov, his deputy Frinovsky, Vyshinsky, and his deputy Grigorii Roginsky are described in detail in Petrov, N. V., and A. B. Roginsky, “Pol’skaya operatsiya” NKVD 1937–1938 [The NKVD’s “Polish operation” in 1937–1938], in Gur’yanov, A. E., ed., Repressii protiv polyakov i pol’skikh grazhdan [Repressions Against Poles and Polish Citizens] (Moscow: Zven’ya, 1997), pp. 77–113 (in Russian), and Okhotin, N., and A. Roginsky, “Iz istorii ‘nemetskoi operatsii’ NKVD 1937–1938 gg.” [From the history of the NKVD’s “German operation” in 1937–1938], in Shcherbakova, Irina L., ed., Repressii protiv rossiiskikh nemtsev: Nakazannyi narod [Repressions Against the Russian Germans: The Punished Nation] (Moscow: Zven’ya, 1999), pp. 35–74 (in Russian).

93. Kokurin and Petrov, Lubyanka , p. 147.

94. Mlechin, Predsedateli KGB , p. 174.

95. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB , pp. 244.

96. NKVD Order No. 00362, dated June 9, 1938 (Kokurin and Petrov, Lubyanka , pp. 19–20).

97. According to Bobryonev, Osinkin was a Party functionary appointed to work at the NKVD (Bobryonev and Ryazentsev, The Ghosts , pp. 140–141; Bobryonev, “ Doktor Smert,” p. 39).

98. Kokurin and Petrov, Lubyanka , pp. 22–23.

99. Gevorkyan and Petrov, “Terakty.” See also Table 2.1.

100. Petrov and Skorkin, Kto rukovodil NKVD , p. 421.

101. From biographies of Lapshin and Filimonov (Petrov and Skorkin, Kto rukovodil NKVD , pp. 263–264 and 421–422).

102. Bobryonev, “Doktor Smert,” p. 38.

103. The Regional Moscow VCheKa had its own prison and a place for executions in the building Bol’shaya Lubyanka 14, a former eighteenth-century palace located across the street. See Nezhdanov, F., “Tyur’ma Vserossiiskoi Chrezvychainoi Komissii (Moskva, B. Lubyanka, 11)” [Prison of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission (Moscow, B. Lubyanka, 11)], in Che-Ka: Materialy po deyatel’osti chrezvychainykh kommissii [Che-Ka: Materials on the Activity of Extraordinary Commissions] (Berlin: Orfei, 1922), pp. 152–163 (in Russian), and Leggett, The CHEKA, pp. 219–220. Currently, this building belongs to the Regional Moscow FSB.

104. Povartsov, Sergei, Prichina smerti—rasstrel [Execution Was the Cause of Death] (Moscow: Terra, 1996), p. 179 (in Russian).

105. Sudoplatov, P., et al ., Special Tasks, pp. 64–69.

106. Primakov, Ocherki istorii , vol. 3, p. 93.

107. “A Plan” of Trotsky’s assassination cited above. See ibid.

108. For details, see, for instance, Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB , pp. 168–172; Primakov, Ocherki istorii , vol. 3, p. 90–109.

109. Primakov, Ocherki istorii , vol. 3, pp. 105–108.

110. Kokurin and Petrov, Lubyanka , pp. 31 and 33.

111. Ibid., p. 33.

112. Petrov and Skorkin, Kto rukovodil NKVD , p. 421.

113. Sudoplatov, P., et al. , Special Tasks , p. 184; Kokurin and Petrov, Lubyanka , p. 35.

114. The secret “Verdict” of the Military Collegium of the USSR Supreme Court on the accusation of Pavel Anatol’evich Sudoplatov of crimes under Articles 17-58-1b of the RSFSR [Russian Federation] Criminal Code dated September 12, 1958. Published in Sudoplatov, A., Tainaya zhizn’ , vol. 2, pp. 433–434.

115. NKGB Order No. 00197 dated March 22, 1946, issued following the Decision of the Soviet Supreme Council, dated March 15, 1946 (Kokurin and Petrov, Lubyanka , p. 35).

116. According to the Politburo’s Resolution P 51/IV, dated May 4, 1946 (Kokurin and Petrov, Lubyanka , p. 35).

117. Petrov and Skorkin, Kto rukovodil NKVD , p. 421.

118. MGB Order No. 0047, dated October 6, 1946 (Kokurin and Petrov, Lubyanka , p. 35).

119. MGB Order No. 00532, dated September 28, 1959 (Kokurin and Petrov, Lubyanka , p. 38).

120. Kokurin and Petrov, Lubyanka , pp. 75–76.

121. Document 158 in Kudryavtsev, I. I., ed., Arkhivy Kremlya i Staroi Ploshchadi: Dokumenty po “Delu KPSS” [Archives of the Kremlin and Old Square: Documents on the “Communist Party Case”] (Novosibirsk: Sibirskii Khronograf, 1995), pp. 26–27 (in Russian).

122. Politburo Decision P 53/59, dated August 20, 1946. Cited in Kokurin and Petrov, Lubyanka , p. 36.

123. Kokurin, A., and N. Petrov, “MGB: Struktura, funktsii, kadry: Statiya pyataya (1946–1953)” [The MGB: Structure, function, and cadre: The fifth article (1946–1953)], Svobodnaya Mysl 11 (1997): 111 (in Russian); Bobryonev and Ryazentsev, The Ghosts , pp. 142–144.

124. Kokurin and Petrov, “MGB,” p. 120.

125. Dzhirkvelov, Ilya, Secret Servant: My Life with the KGB and the Soviet Elite (New York: Harper and Row, 1987), pp. 50–51.

126. Ibid., pp. 55–60. Dzhirkvelov incorrectly names Konovalets “Ivan Konovalenko.” His memoirs were published in 1986, eight years before Sudoplatov published his own description of events (Sudoplatov, P., et al. , Special Tasks , pp. 12–29).

127. Gevorkyan and Petrov, “Terakty.”

128. Khokhlov, Nikolai, In the Name of Conscience (New York: David McKay, 1959) , pp. 242–279.

129. Ibid., pp. 221–224.

130. Ibid., p. 232. See a photo of this weapon in Melton, H. K., The Ultimate Spy Book (New York: DK Publishing, 1996), p. 153.

131. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB , p. 464.

132. Khokhlov, In the Name of Conscience , pp. 349–362.

133. Andrew and Mitrokhin, The Sword and the Shield , p. 359.

134. Khokhlov, In the Name of Conscience , p. 363.

135. Sudoplatov, P., et al ., Special Tasks , pp. 246–247.