Vadim Birstein - The Perversion of Knowledge

10. Barkovsky, V. B., “S kakoi tsel’yu ‘doprashivali’ Nielsa Bohra?” [For what purpose was Niels Bohr “interrogated”?], Voprosy Istorii Estestvoznaniya i Tekhniki 4 (1994): 122–123 (in Russian); Macilwain, C., “Manhattan Physicists Cleared by FBI Inquiry,” Nature 374 (1995): 581.

11. Cited in Jeffery, Inez Cope, Inside Russia: The Life and Times of Zoya Zarubina (Austin, TX: Eakin Press, 1999), p. 17.

12. Holloway, David, “Charges of Espionage,” Science 264 (1994): 1346–1347.

13. Chapters 4, 8, and 9 in Sudoplatov, P., et al., Special Tasks , pp. 65–86 and 221–284.

14. Ibid., pp. 270–271, 278–279, and 407–408.

15. Revolt Pimenov (Volin, O., “S berievtsami bo Vladimirskoi Tuyr’me”[With Beria’s men in Vladimir Prison], in Minuvshee [The Past] [Paris: Atheneum], no. 7 [1989]: 363–374 [in Russian]) and Boris Men’shagin (Men’shagin, Boris G., Vospominaniya: Smolensk… Katyn… Vladimirskaya Tur’ma… [Memoirs: Smolensk… Katyn… Vladimir Prison…] (Paris: IMCA-Press, 1988) (in Russian) and my personal conversation with Men’shagin in 1980 in Moscow described identical versions of what Sudoplatov told them about his arrest and investigation during his imprisonment.

16. Sudoplatov, Pavel, Spetsoperatsii: Lubyanka i Kreml, 1930–1950 Gody [Special Operations: Lubyanka and the Kremlin, the 1930s–1950s] (Moscow: Olma-Press, 1998), pp. 595–601 (in Russian).

17. The documents published in Prokopenko, Bezumnaya psikhiatriya , pp. 81–89 (in Russian).

18. Sudoplatov, P., et al., Special Tasks , pp. 265–284.

19. Sudoplatov, P., Spetsoperatsii, pp. 455–456.

20. Bobryonev and Ryazentsev, The Ghosts , p. 136.

21. Sudoplatov, Andrei, Tainaya zhizn’ generala Sudoplatova: Pravda i vymysly o moem otse [The secret life of General Sudoplatov: The Truth and Lies About My Father] (Moscow: Sovremennik, 1998), vol. 2, p. 275.

22. Zbarsky, Ilya, and Samuel Hutchinson, Lenin’s Embalmers (London: Harvill Press, 1998), p. 54.

23. On Lenin’s body embalming, see ibid., pp. 65–66, 77–91, 110–111, 114–115, 119–122.

24. Ipatieff, The Life of a Chemist, p. 432.

25. Gevorkyan and Petrov, “Terakty.”

26. Petrov and Skorkin, Kto rukovodil NKVD , p. 380.

27. Sudoplatov, P., et al., Special Tasks, pp. 58–59.

28. Andrew Christopher, and Vasilii Mirokhin, The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB (New York: Basic Books, 1999), p. 41.

29. Petrov and Skorkin, Kto rukovodil NKVD , p. 381.

30. Weinstein, Allen, and Alexander Vassiliev, The Haunted Wood: Soviet New York Espionage in America—the Stalin Era (New York: Random House, 1999), p. 89.

31. Andrew and Mitrokhin, The Sword and the Shield , p. 41.

32. Zbarsky and Hutchinson, Lenin’s Embalmers, pp. 101–102.

33. Andrew and Mirokhin, The Sword and the Shield , p. 75.

34. Petrov and Skorkin, Kto rukovodil NKVD, pp. 46 and 380–380.

35. Gevorkyan and Petrov, “Terakty.”

36. Vaksberg, Stalin Against the Jews , p. 35.

37. Levitsky, Boris, The Uses of Terror: The Soviet Secret Police, 1917–1970 (New York: Coward, McCann and Geoghegan, 1972), p. 74.

38. Petrov and Skorkin, Kto rukovodil NKVD , pp. 459–460.

39. Leggett, The CHEKA , p. 275.

40. Conquest, Robert, The Great Terror , p. 380.

41. Orlov, Alexander, The Secret Story of Stalin’s Crimes (New York: Random House, 1953), pp. 261–270; Tucker, Robert C., and Stephen F. Cohen, eds., The Great Purge Trial (New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1965), pp. 686–687.

42. Tucker and Cohen, The Great Purge Trial , pp. 481–482.

43. Ibid., p. 480.

44. Cited in Mlechin, Predsedateli KGB , p. 132.

45. Tucker and Cohen, The Great Purge Trial , pp. 686–689.

46. Ibid., pp. 506–509.

47. Shentalinsky, Vitaly, Arrested Voices: Resurrecting the Disappeared Writers of the Soviet Regime , trans. John Crowfoot, introduction by Robert Conquest (New York: Free Press, 1996), pp. 262–264.

48. Kostyrchenko, Out of the Red Shadows , p. 277.

49. Katkov, Georgy, The Trial of Bukharin (New York: Stein and Day, 1969), p. 171.

50. Tucker and Cohen, The Great Purge Trial , p. 511.

51. Topolyansky, V. D., “Doctor D. D. Pletnev,” in Yaroshevsky, Repressirovannaya Nauka , pp. 315–316.

52. Ibid., p. 309.

53. The letter is given in Radzinsky, Stalin , pp. 379–380. In prison, Bukharin wrote four letters to Stalin, dated April 15, September 29, November 14, and December 10, 1937 (Radzinsky, Stalin , pp. 374–381); all of them are now kept in the Presidential Archive.

54. Soon after the Bukharin trial, NKVD Captain Lazar Kogan was arrested and shot (Cohen, “Introduction,” p. xviii).

55. Cited in Frezinsky, B., “Golos iz bezdny (Tyuremnye stranitsy Nikolaya Bukharina)” [A voice from the abyss (Nikolai Bukharin’s writings in prison)], in Bukharin, Nikolai, Vremena [The Times] (Moscow: Progress-Kul’tura, 1994), pp. 3–20 (in Russian).

56. The famous painter Konstantin Yuon “liked them so much that he told Nikolai Ivanovich [Bukharin],‘Give up politics. Politics promises nothing good in the future. Take up painting. Landscapes, that’s your calling!’ (Larina, Anna, This I Cannot Forget: The Memoirs of Nikolai Bukharin’s Widow [New York: W. W. Norton, 1994], p. 82). Bukharin’s son Yurii became a professional artist.

57. For a discussion of the complexity and controversy of Bukharin’s ideas see, for instance, Laqueur, Walter, Stalin: The Glasnost Revelations (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1990), pp. 19–43.

58. Zbarsky and Hutchinson, Lenin’s Embalmers, pp. 108–109.

59. Katkov, The Trial of Bukharin, pp. 164–166, 228–229; Conquest, The Great Terror , pp. 375–390; Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB , pp. 135–136.

60. Zbarsky and Hutchinson, Lenin’s Embalmers , p. 110.

61. For details, see Katkov, The Trial of Bukharin , pp. 122–123, 224; Conquest, The Great Terror , pp. 375–390.

62. Petrov and Skorkin, Kto rukovodil NKVD , p. 460.

63. Mlechin, Predsedateli KGB , pp. 133–134.

64. Reiss, Molotov Remembers, p. 264.

65. Yeremina and Roginsky, Rasstrel’nye spiski , pp. 64, 68, 179, and 241.

66. Roginsky, A. B., “Posleslovie” [Concluding remarks], in ibid., pp. 485–501.

67. Tucker and Cohen, The Great Purge Trial , pp. 688–689.

68. Shentalinsky, Arrested Voices , pp. 274–275.

69. Conquest, The Great Terror, p. 395.

70. Davies, Joseph E., Mission to Moscow (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1941), pp. 261–280.

71. Koppes, Clayton R., and Gregory D. Black, Hollywood Goes to War: How Politics, Profits, and Propaganda Shaped World War II Movies (New York: The Free Press, 1987), pp. 190–191.

72. Davies, Mission to Moscow , pp. 270–271.

73. Ibid., p. 272.

74. According to Howard Koch’s memoirs, at a dinner at the White House in the presence of Davies President Roosevelt personally suggested that Jack Warner make this movie (Koch, Howard, As Time Goes By: Memoirs of a Writer [New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979], p. 101). However, later former White House officials and Davies denied that such a meeting took place (Fariello, Griffin, Red Scare: Memoirs of the American Inquisition [New York: W. W. Norton, 1995], p. 273).