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Ernst Jünger, one of twentieth-century Germany’s most important and controversial writers, faithfully kept a journal during the Second World War in occupied Paris, on the eastern front, and in Germany until its defeat-writings that are of major historical and literary significance. These wartime journals appear here in English for the first time.
Ernst Jünger was one of twentieth-century Germany’s most important—and most controversial—writers. Decorated for bravery in World War I and the author of the acclaimed western front memoir Storm of Steel, he frankly depicted war’s horrors even as he extolled its glories. As a Wehrmacht captain during World War II, Jünger faithfully kept a journal in occupied Paris and continued to write on the eastern front and in Germany until its defeat—writings that are of major historical and literary significance. Jünger’s Paris journals document his Francophile excitement, romantic affairs, and fascination with botany and entomology, alongside mystical and religious ruminations and trenchant observations on the occupation and the politics of collaboration. While working as a mail censor, he led the privileged life of an officer, encountering artists such as Céline, Cocteau, Braque, and Picasso. His notes from the Caucasus depict the chaos after Stalingrad and atrocities on the eastern front. Upon returning to Paris, Jünger observed the French resistance and was close to the German military conspirators who plotted to assassinate Hitler in 1944. After fleeing France, he reunited with his family as Germany’s capitulation approached.
Both participant and commentator, close to the horrors of history but often distancing himself from them, Jünger turned his life and experiences into a work of art. These wartime journals appear here in English for the first time, giving fresh insights into the quandaries of the twentieth century from the keen pen of a paradoxical observer.
Ernst Jünger (1895–1998) was a major figure in twentieth-century German literature and intellectual life. He was a young leader of right-wing nationalism in the Weimar Republic. Among his many works is the novel On the Marble Cliffs, a symbolic criticism of totalitarianism written under the Third Reich.
Elliot Neaman is professor of history at the University of San Francisco and the author of A Dubious Past: Ernst Jünger and the Politics of Literature after Nazism (1999).
Thomas Hansen, a longtime member of the Wellesley College German Department, is a translator from the German.
Abby Hansen is a translator of German literary and nonfiction texts.

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Hielscher, Friedrich (1902–1990), writer, journalist

Himmler, Heinrich (1900–1945), National Socialist Politician, Reichsführer SS; E. J.’s pseudonym “Schinderhannes”

Hindenburg, Paul von (1847–1934), field marshal and Reich president

Hitler, Adolf (1889–1945), politician and dictator; E. J.’s pseudonym “Kniébolo”

Hofacker, Caesar von (1896–1944), lieutenant colonel, co-conspirator in the 20 July 1944 plot against Hitler

Hoffmann, Ernst Theodor Wilhelm (Amadeus) (1776–1822), German author, dramatist, and music critic

Hohly, Richard (1902–1995), German painter

Hölderlin, Johann Christian Friedrich (1770–1843), German poet

Höll, Werner (1898–1984), captain, artist

Holle, E. J.’s school principal and teacher

Holofernes, Old Testament, Nebuchadnezzar’s general

Holstein, Friedrich von (1827–1909), German diplomat

Homer (eighth century BCE), Greek epic poet

Horion, Adolf (1888–1977), pastor and entomologist, monsignor

Horst (d. 1943), father of Max Horst

Horst, Max (b. 1903), administrator on the General Staff, Paris, World War II

Houdon, Jean Antoine (1741–1828), French sculptor

Houssaye, J. G. (nineteenth century), French writer and traveler

Huebner, Friedrich Markus (1886–1964), translator

Hufeland, Christoph Wilhelm (1762–1836), physician

Hughes, Richard (1900–1976), English novelist

Hugo, Victor (1802–1885), French novelist

Humm, Albert (d. 1945), soldier

Husser, Fernand, see Heinsheimer, Friedrich

Huxley, Aldous Leonard (1894–1963), English author

Huysmans, Joris-Karl (1848–1907), recte Charles Maria Georges, French writer

I

Ingres, Jean-August-Dominique (1780–1867), French painter

Irving, Washington (1783–1859), American writer

J

Jacqueline, Parisian milliner

Jäger, Oskar (1830–1910), teacher.

James, Thomas (1782–1847), English captain

Janin, René, unidentified, Paris

Jeanette, unidentified, Paris

Jeanne d’Arc (1412–1431), French national heroine; the “Made of Orléans”

Jeannel, Rénée Gabriel (1879–1965), French entomologist

Jean Paul (1763–1825), recte Jean Paul Friedrich Richter, German writer

Jeinsen, Emmy von (1879–1955), mother of Gretha Jünger

Jeinsen, Harry von (1877–1948), father of Gretha Jünger

Jeinsen, Kurt von (1902–1943), brother of Gretha von Jeinsen, first wife of Ernst Jünger, engineer

Jeinsen, Viktoria von (b. 1926), niece of Gretha Jünger, kindergarten teacher, married to Heinz Witthuhn

Jessen, Peter Jens (1895–1944), economist

Joan of Arc, see Jeanne d’Arc

Jodl, Alfred (1890–1946), lieutenant general, chief of Operations Staff of the Wehrmacht

Joinville, Jean de (1224–1317)

Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire (1852–1931), French marshal

Jomini, Antoine Henri baron de (1779–1869), general and writer on military subjects

Jordaens, Jakob (1593–1678), Flemish painter

José, see Breitbach, Joseph

Josephus, Flavius (37–100 CE), Jewish historian

Jouhandeau, Elisabeth (1888–1971), recte Elisabeth Claire Thoulemon, French dancer; wife of Marcel Jouhandeau, “Caryathis”

Jouhandeau, Marcel (1888–1979), recte M. Provence; French writer, “Calandrus”

Jünger, Alexander Carl (1934–1993), physician, E. J.’s son

Jünger, Anna Hermine Margrete (1839–1923), née Walters, E. J.’s grandmother

Jünger, Christian Jakob Friedrich “Fritz” Clamor (1840–1904), schoolteacher, E. J.’s grandfather

Jünger, Ernst Georg (1868–1943), E. J.’s father

Jünger, Ernst (1926–1944), E. J.’s son; “Ernstel”

Jünger, Friedrich Georg (1898–1977), poet and writer, E. J.’s brother

Jünger, Gretha Lidy Toni Margrete Anni (1906–1960), née von Jeinsen, E. J.’s wife; “Perpetua”

Jünger, Hans Otto (1905–1976), physicist, E. J.’s brother; “Brother Physicus”

Jünger, Johanna Hermine (1899–1984), E. J.’s sister; “Hanna”

Jünger, Karolina (1873–1950), née Lampl, E. J.’s mother; “Lily”

Jünger, Wolfgang Wilhelm (1908–1975), geographer, E. J.’s brother

Juvenal, Decimus Junius (c. 60–140 CE), Roman satirist

K

K., unidentified, major in Wehrmacht, World War II

Kafka, Franz (1883–1924), Austro-Czech author

Kang-Hsi, Emperor (1654–1722), emperor of China

Kanne, Johann Arnold (1773–1824), writer, philologist, mythographer

Kant, Immanuel (1724–1894), German philosopher

Karl XII (1682–1718), king of Sweden

Karamsin, Nikolai Michailovitch (1766–1826), Russian historian

Karsch, Ferdinand Anton Franz (1853–1936), entomologist, pseudonym “Canus”

Kastor, pseudonym for Alfred Baeumler

Keiper, Wolfgang (1911–1981), antiquarian bookseller

Keitel, Wilhelm (1882–1946), field marshal and chief of staff, Wehrmacht

Keyserling, Hermann Graf [Count] von (1880–1946), cultural historian

Keyserling, Manfred Graf [Count] von

Khayyam, Omar (1027–1123), Persian poet and naturalist

Kiderlen-Wächter, Alfred von (1852–1912), German diplomat and politician

Klaebisch, Gustav, unidentified

Klages, Ludwig (1872–1956), philosopher and psychologist

Kleist, Ewald von (1881–1954), general, field marshal

Kleist, Heinrich von (1777–1811), German author and dramatist

Klinger, Friedrich Maximilian von (1752–1831), German poet

Klostermann, Vittorio (1901–1977), publisher

Kluge, Hans Günther von (1882–1944), general, field marshal, commander-in-chief of Wehrmacht West

Kniébolo, E. J.’s pseudonym for Adolf Hitler

Konrad, Rudolf (1891–1964), general, commander of the Caucasus front (1943)

Kossmann, Karl-Richard (1899–1969), major general, chief of staff under Heinrich von Stülpnagel

Kranzberger, see Kranzbühler, Otto

Kranzbühler, Otto Heinrich (1907–2004), German Naval judge on Dönitz’s staff

Kraus, ballistics expert, friends with Hans Jünger

Krause, lieutenant colonel, participant in the legendary Eichhof Conference

Kräwel, Kurt von, colonel, World War II

Kreitz, Werner (1899–1957), host of the Eichhof Conference

Kretzschmar, corporal, telephone operator, World War II

Kretszchmer, Eberhard (b. 1909), literary historian, biographer of Schiller (1938)

Krüger, professor, unidentified, France

Kubin, Alfred (1877–1959), surrealist graphic artist, writer

Kügelgen, Gerhard von (1772–1820), painter

Kuhn, Hans (1905–1991), painter, corporal, World War II

Kutscher, first lieutenant, World War II

L

L., Madame, Paris, presumably a prostitute

Labric, Roger (b. 1893), French author

Laclos, Pierre Ambroise François Choderlos de (1741–1803), French author

Ladurée, Louis Ernest (nineteenth century), innkeeper, Paris; also the name of his inn

Lady Orpington, see Gould, Florence

Lahmann, unidentified, neighbor in Kirchhorst

Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste Antoine de Monet de (1744–1829), French naturalist

Lampe, Ursula, art historian

Landru, Henri Désiré (1869–1922), French murderer

Lapeyre, Gabriel Guillaume (b. 1877), French historian

Lapeyrouse, unidentified

Larcher, Pierre Henri (1726–1812), French classical scholar

La Rochefoucauld, François de (1613–1680), French writer and aphorist

Latreille, Pierre Henri (1762–1833), French entomologist

Laue, Max Theodor Felix von (1879–1960), German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate

Laurencin, Marie (1885–1956), French painter and poet

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