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Ernst Jünger, one of twentieth-century Germany’s most important and controversial writers, faithfully kept a journal during the Second World War in occupied Paris, on the eastern front, and in Germany until its defeat-writings that are of major historical and literary significance. These wartime journals appear here in English for the first time.
Ernst Jünger was one of twentieth-century Germany’s most important—and most controversial—writers. Decorated for bravery in World War I and the author of the acclaimed western front memoir Storm of Steel, he frankly depicted war’s horrors even as he extolled its glories. As a Wehrmacht captain during World War II, Jünger faithfully kept a journal in occupied Paris and continued to write on the eastern front and in Germany until its defeat—writings that are of major historical and literary significance. Jünger’s Paris journals document his Francophile excitement, romantic affairs, and fascination with botany and entomology, alongside mystical and religious ruminations and trenchant observations on the occupation and the politics of collaboration. While working as a mail censor, he led the privileged life of an officer, encountering artists such as Céline, Cocteau, Braque, and Picasso. His notes from the Caucasus depict the chaos after Stalingrad and atrocities on the eastern front. Upon returning to Paris, Jünger observed the French resistance and was close to the German military conspirators who plotted to assassinate Hitler in 1944. After fleeing France, he reunited with his family as Germany’s capitulation approached.
Both participant and commentator, close to the horrors of history but often distancing himself from them, Jünger turned his life and experiences into a work of art. These wartime journals appear here in English for the first time, giving fresh insights into the quandaries of the twentieth century from the keen pen of a paradoxical observer.
Ernst Jünger (1895–1998) was a major figure in twentieth-century German literature and intellectual life. He was a young leader of right-wing nationalism in the Weimar Republic. Among his many works is the novel On the Marble Cliffs, a symbolic criticism of totalitarianism written under the Third Reich.
Elliot Neaman is professor of history at the University of San Francisco and the author of A Dubious Past: Ernst Jünger and the Politics of Literature after Nazism (1999).
Thomas Hansen, a longtime member of the Wellesley College German Department, is a translator from the German.
Abby Hansen is a translator of German literary and nonfiction texts.

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Lautréamont, comte de (1847–1870), recte Isidore Lucien Ducasse, French poet

Laval, Pierre (1883–1945), French politician, premier

Lawrence, David Herbert (1885–1930), English novelist

Lawrence, Thomas Edward (1888–1935), English adventurer, archaeologist, and author; “Lawrence of Arabia”

Lazarillo de Tormes (sixteenth century), fictional character in an anonymous Spanish novel

Léautaud, Paul Firmin Valentin (1872–1956), French writer

Lechevalier, Paul, French publisher and bookseller, Paris

Leinert, Robert (1873–1940), mayor of Hannover

Leleu, Jean (b. 1912), French traveling cloth salesman

Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich (1870–1924), recte W. I. Ulyanov, architect of the Russian Revolution

Leo, Hans, major, member of the Command Staff in Paris, World War II

Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), Italian painter, sculptor, architect

Leopold I of Anhalt-Dessau (1676–1747), Prussian field marshal and military reformer

Lermina, Jules Hippolyte (1839–1915), French writer

Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph (1742–1799), physicist, writer, aphorist

Ligne, Charles Joseph prince de (1735–1814), Belgian officer and writer

Limojin de Saint-Didier, Alexandre Toussaint (1630–1689), French diplomat

Lindemann, Friedrich (1896–1986), writer, philosopher, and astrologer; “Fritz”

Linné, Carl von (1707–1778), Swedish doctor and naturalist; “Linnaeus”

Linné, Elisabeth Christina (1743–1782), Swedish botanist, daughter of C. Linné

Linstow, Hans Otfried von (1899–1944), colonel, chief of staff in Paris, World War II

Liszt, Franz von (1811–1886), Hungarian composer and pianist

Litzmann, Karl (1850–1936), General and politician

Loehning, Paul (1889–1971), major general in Wehrmacht, commander of Hannover, World War II

Longus (second or third century CE), Greek poet, creator of the pastoral romance

Löns, Hermann (1866–1914), German writer

Lottner, head of the customs office, Paris

Louis IX, Saint (1214–1270), king of France

Louis XIV (1638–1715), king of France; “Sun King”

Louis XVI (1754–1793), king of France

Ludendorff, Erich (1865–1937), German general and politician

Luther, Martin (1483–1546), German religious reformer

Lyautey, Louis Hubert Gonçalve (1854–1934), French marshal and politician

M

MacDonald, James Ramsay (1866–1937), British politician

Macrobius, Ambrosius Teodosius (fl.400), Latin author and philosopher

Madame Scrittore, see Gould, Florence

Magister, see Fischer, Ernst Hugo

Magius, Girolamo (1523–1572), recte G. Maggi, Italian writer, architect, and mathematician

Maillol, Aristide (1861–1944), French sculptor, painter, and graphic artist

Maiweg, Herr, engineer, leader of a Technical Petroleum Brigade

Mallarmé, Stephane (1842–1898), French poet

Malraux, André (1901–1976), French writer and politician

Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766–1834), English economist and historian

Man, Hendrik de (1885–1953), Belgian politician and de facto prime minister under the German occupation

Mann, Thomas (1875–1955), German author and winner of Nobel Prize for Literature, emigrated from Germany in 1933

Mansfield, Katherine (1888–1923), New Zealand writer

Marais, Jean (1913–1998), recte J. Alfred Villain-Marais, French actor

Marat, Jean-Paul (1744–1793), radical politician during the French Revolution

Marcus Aurelius (121–180), Roman emperor

Marckord, Justus, recte Karl Ley, writer Gebete eines Ungläubigen [ Prayers of an Unbeliever ] (1938); opponent of the NS regime

Marcks, Otto (1905–1978), lieutenant colonel, brother of General Marcks, World War II

Marcu, Valeriu (1899–1942), Romanian writer

Mariaux, Franz (1898–1986), journalist, correspondent for Cologne Newspaper

Marius, Gaius (156–86 BCE), Roman military leader

Marmontel, Jean-François (1723–1799), French author

Marteau, de, unidentified; “Martöchen”

Marwitz, Friedrich August Ludwig von der (1777–1837), soldier and politician

Marx, Karl (1818–1883), political philosopher

Massenbach, unidentified

Maulnier, Thierry (1909–1988), recte Jacques Louis André Tallegrand, French writer

Maupassant, Henri-René-Albert-Guy de (1850–1893), French writer

Maurras, Charles (1868–1952), French writer and politician

Médan, Pierre (murdered, 1944)

Mégret, Christian (1904–1987), French novelist

Meinert, Klaus, German soldier, World War II

Mell, Rudolf (1878–1970), zoologist

Melville, Herman (1819–1891), American author

Memling, Hans (c. 1433–1494), Flemish painter

Menge, Hermann August (1841–1939), Bible translator, school principal

Menzel, Hanne, unidentified, Paris

Mercier, Dr., unidentified, Kirchhorst

Mergener, captain, commander of combat unit in Caucasus

Merk, Ernst (b. 1903), lieutenant colonel, quartermaster

Merline, E. J.’s pseudonym for Céline, Louis Ferdinand

Méryon, Charles (1821–1868), French engraver

Merz, unidentified, officer on the General Staff in Paris

Metternich, Franz Graf [count] Wolff (1893–1978), art historian

Meyer, Fritz, unidentified, neighbor in Kirchhorst

Michelet, Jules (1798–1874), French historian

Migot, Georges Albert (1891–1976), French composer

Millet, Jean-François (1814–1875), French painter and graphic artist

Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, conte de (1749–1791), French statesman

Mirbeau, Octave (1848–1917), French writer

Mohr, Fridtjof Lous (c. 1888–c. 1942), Norwegian explorer

Molière (1622–1673), recte Jean Baptiste Poquelin, French writer of comedies

Moltke, Helmuth Graf [count] von (1800–1891), Prussian field marshal

Mommsen, Theodor (1817–1903), historian

Monet, Claude (1840–1926), French painter

Monfreid, Henry de (1879–1974), French writer and traveler

Mons, unidentified military chaplain, World War II

Montherlant, Henry Millon de (1896–1972), French writer

Morand, Hélène (1888–1975), née Chrysolevony, previously Princess Sturdzo from her first marriage, wife of Paul Morand; “F”

Morand, Paul (1888–1976), French writer and politician; “F”

More, Thomas (1478–1535), English humanist and statesman

Morin (d. 1943), antiquarian bookseller, father of Charles Morin, Le Mans

Morin, Charles, antiquarian bookseller, Paris

Morris (b. 1874), unidentified, Paris

Mortier, Edouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph duc de Trévise (1768–1835), French marshal

Moult, Eugène le (1882–1967), French entomologist

Mossakowski, see Syben, Friedrich

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756–1791), Austrian composer

Mühsam, Erich (1878–1934), German writer and anarchist

Müller, Johan Ludwig (1892–1972), major general, World War II

Münchhausen, von (d. 1943), first lieutenant, stationed in France

Murat, Joachim-Napoléon (1767–1815), king of Naples, marshal of France

Murray, Thomas Boyles (1798–1860), English pastor

Mussolini, Benito (1883–1945), Italian dictator; “Il Duce”

N

N., “our old comrade,” unidentified

Naisen, Monika (d. 1626), one of the “Martyrs of Japan,” beatified 1867

Napoléon, see Bonaparte

Napoléon III (1808–1873), French emperor

Naumann, Johannes Andreas (1744–1826), naturalist, ornithologist

Nawe-Stier, unidentified

Nay, Ernst Wilhelm (1902–1968), German painter

Nebel, Gerhard (1903–1974), writer; “Outcast of the Islands”

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