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Ernst Jünger, one of twentieth-century Germany’s most important and controversial writers, faithfully kept a journal during the Second World War in occupied Paris, on the eastern front, and in Germany until its defeat-writings that are of major historical and literary significance. These wartime journals appear here in English for the first time.
Ernst Jünger was one of twentieth-century Germany’s most important—and most controversial—writers. Decorated for bravery in World War I and the author of the acclaimed western front memoir Storm of Steel, he frankly depicted war’s horrors even as he extolled its glories. As a Wehrmacht captain during World War II, Jünger faithfully kept a journal in occupied Paris and continued to write on the eastern front and in Germany until its defeat—writings that are of major historical and literary significance. Jünger’s Paris journals document his Francophile excitement, romantic affairs, and fascination with botany and entomology, alongside mystical and religious ruminations and trenchant observations on the occupation and the politics of collaboration. While working as a mail censor, he led the privileged life of an officer, encountering artists such as Céline, Cocteau, Braque, and Picasso. His notes from the Caucasus depict the chaos after Stalingrad and atrocities on the eastern front. Upon returning to Paris, Jünger observed the French resistance and was close to the German military conspirators who plotted to assassinate Hitler in 1944. After fleeing France, he reunited with his family as Germany’s capitulation approached.
Both participant and commentator, close to the horrors of history but often distancing himself from them, Jünger turned his life and experiences into a work of art. These wartime journals appear here in English for the first time, giving fresh insights into the quandaries of the twentieth century from the keen pen of a paradoxical observer.
Ernst Jünger (1895–1998) was a major figure in twentieth-century German literature and intellectual life. He was a young leader of right-wing nationalism in the Weimar Republic. Among his many works is the novel On the Marble Cliffs, a symbolic criticism of totalitarianism written under the Third Reich.
Elliot Neaman is professor of history at the University of San Francisco and the author of A Dubious Past: Ernst Jünger and the Politics of Literature after Nazism (1999).
Thomas Hansen, a longtime member of the Wellesley College German Department, is a translator from the German.
Abby Hansen is a translator of German literary and nonfiction texts.

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Nebuchadnezzar II (c. 605–562 B. CE), Babylonian king

Neuhaus, Alfred Hugo (b. 1892), major on the General Staff in Paris

Neumann, Marlise (d. 1943), “Feuerblume”

Niedermayer, Oskar Ritter von (1885–1945), general, World War II

Niekisch, Anna (1892–1973), teacher, wife of Ernst Niekisch

Niekisch, Ernst August (b. 1916), physicist, son of Ernst and Anna Niekisch

Niekisch, Ernst Karl August (1889–1967), politician and journalist; “Cellaris”

Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (1844–1900), philosopher

Nigrinus, E. J.’s pseudonym for Schwarz, Manfred

Noailles, Anna-Elisabeth, Contesse de, French writer

Noël, Marie (1883–1967), recte Marie Mélanie Rouget, French writer

Nostitz-Walwitz, Helene von (1878–1944), née von Beneckendorff-Hindenburg, German writer

Novalis (1772–1801), recte Friedrich Leopold Freiherr von Hadenberg, German Romantic poet

Nüssle (d. 1943, killed in action), junior officer

O

Oertzen, Louise von (1897–1965), director, Nurses’ Branch German Red Cross

Oetinger, Friedrich Christoph (1702–1782), Protestant theologian

Oldekopp (sixteenth century), city architect, Hildesheim

Oldekopp, Johannes (sixteenth century), son of the city architect, Hildesheim

Omar, Azerbaijani man, Caucasus

Oppen, Alexander (Axel) von (1906–1984), colonel, son of Gustav von Oppen

Oppen, Gustav von (1867–1918), colonel

d’Orves, Henri Louis Honoré d’Estienne (1901–1941), Naval officer, hero of French Resistance

Otte, Kurt (1902–1983), pharmacist and art collector

P

P., see Pétain, Phillippe Henri

Palffy, countess, see Vilmorin, Luise de

Parow, Johann Heinrich (d. 1936), German-Norwegian doctor

Pascal, Blaise (1623–1662), French philosopher and mathematician

Patrouix (b. c. 1862), French engineer

Paul I (1754–1801), Russian czar

Paul, Jean, see Jean Paul

Paulhan, Jean (1884–1968), French writer

Pégoud, Adolphe (1890–1915), French aviator

Pellegrin, Arthur Auguste (1891–1956), French author

Pellico, Silvio (1789–1854), Italian author

Pepys, Samuel (1633–1703), English diarist

Pétain, Philippe Henri (1856–1951), French marshal and president

Perpetua, E. J.’s pseudonym for his wife, see Jünger, Gretha

Perré, Jean-Paul (b. 1893), French battalion commander

Peter (b. 1941), child evacuee taken in by the Jüngers

Petronius, Gaius (first century CE), Roman poet

Pfaffendorf, Hermann (1896–1969), mayor of Goslar, E. J.’s comrade in World War I

Philippe II (1674–1723), Duke of Orléans, son of Liselotte von der Pfalz

Phillipps, unidentified, Paris

Philo of Alexandria (c. 20 BCE–30 CE), philosopher

Philomela, Ste., see Philomena

Philomena, Ste. credited with curing diseases of the heart

Picasso, Pablo Ruiz y (1881–1973), Spanish artist

Pilate, Pontius Roman procurator in Judea (New Testament).

Pillet, Maurice Pierre (1881–1964), French Egyptologist

Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig (1858–1947), German theoretical physicist, Nobel Prize laureate

Platen, August Graf [count] von (1796–1835), German poet

Plato (427–347 BCE), Greek philosopher

Pliny the Younger, Plinius Gaius Caecilius Secundus (61–113 CE), Roman administrator and historian

Plon, Henri Philippe (1806–1872), French publisher

Podewils-Juncker-Bigatto, Clemens Graf [count] (1905–1978), journalist and writer

Podewils, Sophie Dorothee (1909–1979), née Baroness von Hirschberg, wife of Clemens Podewils, German writer; “The Green Princess”

Poe, Edgar Allan (1809–1849), American author

Poincaré, Raymond (1864–1934), French politician, president

Polignac, marquise de, unidentified

Popitz, Johannes (1884–1945), minister of finance for the State of Prussia, arrested and executed for his connection with the 20 July plot against Hitler

Potard, see Silberberg

Poupet, Georges, editor at the Plon Publishing House, Paris

Poursin, André (d. 1969), French bookdealer, Paris

Poussin, Nicolas (1594–1665), French painter

Prévaux, Blandine Ollivier de (1894–1981), great-granddaughter of Liszt

“Princess, the green,” E. J.’s pseudonym for Podewils, Sophie Dorothee

“Princess, the black,” E. J.’s pseudonyms for Transvaal

Profillet, Charles (b. 1824), French priest and author

Proust, Marcel (1871–1922), French novelist

Prunier, unidentified, Paris

Pückler-Muskau, Hermann, Prince of (1785–1871), landscape architect and writer

Pushkin, Alexander Sergeyevitch (1799–1837), Russian writer

Pythagoras (c. 580–496 BCE), Greek philosopher

Q

Quincey, Thomas de (1785–1859), English writer

Quintilian, Marcus Fabius (35–96 CE), Roman writer

Quinton, René (1866–1925), lieutenant colonel, French writer

R

Raabe, Wilhelm (1831–1910), German writer

Rademacher, Otfried (1905–1968), journalist; “Dr. Weber”

Rahmelow, lieutenant, World War II

Ransonnette, Pierre Nicolas (1745–1810), French illustrator

Rantzau, Abel, unidentified

Rathke, Anton (1888–1945), colonel, lieutenant general in the German Army

Ravachol (1859–1892), recte François Claudius Königstein, French anarchist

Ravaillac, François (1578–1610), fanatical Catholic, regicide, murderer of Henri IV

Ravoux, Sophie (1906–2001), physician; “Mme. Dancart,” “Charmille,” “Camilla,” “Doctoresse,” “Mme. D’Armenonville”

Ravoux, Paul (d. 1957), husband of Sophie Ravoux; “A,” “R”

Raynal, Guillaume-Thomas-François (1713–1796), French abbé, Enlightenment thinker

Réau, Louis (1881–1961), French writer

Reese, major, World War II

Régimbart, Maurice Auguste (1852–1907), French entomologist

Rehbock, neighbor in Kirchhorst

Rehm, E. J.’s aide-de-camp

Reiners, Jakob (1917–1940), lieutenant

Reitter, Emmerich (1880–1929), German entomologist

Renan, Joseph Ernest (1823–1892), French orientalist and philosopher

Renée, shopkeeper in Vincennes

Reverdy, Pierre (1889–1960), French poet

Reyès, Salvador (1899–1970), Chilean writer and diplomat

Richelet, Madame, unidentified

Richelieu, Louis François Armand Vignerot du Pléssis (1696–1788), French duke, soldier, and statesman

Richet, M. (eighteenth century), parliamentary attorney, France

Rictus, Jehan (1867–1933), recte Gabriel Randon de Saint-Armand, French poet

Riley, James (1777–1849), American sailor and writer

Rimbaud, Jean Nicolas Arthur (1854–1891), French poet

Rinne, Friedrich Wilhelm Berthold (1863–1933), mineralogist

Rivarol, Antoine conte de (1753–1801), French writer

Rivière, Jacques (1886–1925), French author

Robespierre, Maximilian de (1758–1794), French revolutionary leader

Rochefort, Henri (1830–1913), French politician

Rodin, Auguste (1840–1917), French sculptor and graphic artist

Rodolphe, see Schlichter, Rudolf

Röhricht, Edgar (1892–1967), chief of the General Staff, commander of the First Army, World War II

Roland, unidentified

Rommel, Erwin (1891–1944), German field marshal

Romney, George (1734–1802), English painter

Ronneberger, Friedrich August (1886–1968), chaplain, Wehrmacht pastor

Röpke, Wilhelm (1899–1966), economist

Roquelaure, Gaston-Jean-Baptiste, Marquis (duc) de (1617–1633), French nobleman

Rosanov, Vasily Vasilievich (1856–1919), Russian author

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