Алистер Смит - The Spoils of War - Greed, Power, and the Conflicts That Made Our Greatest Presidents

self-interest, 22

of Bush, G. W., 177, 195–196, 214–215

Declaration of Independence and, 47

of JFK, 231, 238

war decisions and, 238, 243–254

September 11

Bush, G. W., response to, 193–195

presidential war authority and, 9–10, 188

Seven Years’ War, 26, 37, 43, 52

Seward, William, 112, 113

Shakespeare, William, 1, 23

Sheffey, Daniel, 66

slavery

in American Revolution, 98

Britain’s abolition of, 55, 99

Constitution on, 96–97, 99, 105, 118–119

Douglas, S., on, 106–107, 119–121

Dred Scott v. Sandford and, 96, 99–103, 104, 119

Electoral College origins and, 97, 124, 245

founding fathers on, 96–99

Lincoln on, 2, 3, 95, 103–107, 114–116, 118–121, 136–137

northern states and, 115

politicians in support of, 133, 242

popular sovereignty and, 102, 104, 119–120

Republican Party (post-1854) opposition to, 119, 123

in US compared globally, 99, 139

See also Fugitive Slave Act; Thirteenth Amendment

Smith, Adam, 54, 251–252

socioeconomic class. See wealthy

South Carolina, 134

southern states, 95

Civil War capability of, 110–111

Constitution and slavery in, 96–97

Crittenden Compromise for, 128, 131–132

on Douglas, S., 106–107

FDR’s relationship with, 165, 169

fire-eaters of, 134, 138

politicians in, prior to Civil War, 133–134

population of, during Civil War, 110

in presidential elections of 1852, 1856 and 1860, 122–126, 123 (fig.), 124 (fig.), 125 (fig.)

representation in Lincoln’s cabinet, 109

secession of, 129–135, 140

voting pattern in post-Civil War, 140

See also Confederate States of America

Soviet Union. See Cuban missile crisis; Khrushchev, Nikita

Spanish-American War, 13, 240–241

Speer, Albert, 149

St. Louis refugees, 164

Stam, Allan, 110–111

Stamp Act Congress, 39–41, 44–45

Stamp Act of 1765, 38–41, 42, 44–45, 53

Stiglitz, Joseph, 201, 252

Stuyvesant, Peter, 49

Syria

France on crisis in, 224–225, 226, 236

Obama and Putin’s response to crisis in, 222–226, 228, 231, 235–236

Obama’s “game changer” message to, 222–223, 226–227, 227 (fig.), 230, 232

partisan support of airstrikes against, 227, 227 (fig.)

Ukraine crisis link to, 228

See also Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)

Taliban, 12, 193

Taney, Roger, 101, 106

taxation

Britain’s, of colonists, 38, 41–42, 44, 53

Declaration of Independence on, 44–46

equal, for war costs, 244, 251–254

in LBJ compared to Bush, G. W., eras, 203–208, 205 (fig.), 210, 252

with representation for colonists, 45–46, 53–54

war, of wealthy, 252

War of 1812 and support for, 85

See also Stamp Act Congress; Stamp Act of 1765

Tecumseh, 70, 71, 82, 87

territorial expansion. See expansionism; land speculation and ownership

terrorism, 189

Tet Offensive, 180–181

Texas, 241–242

Thirteenth Amendment, 112, 135, 136, 138

Tonkin Gulf Resolution, 179, 183, 188, 190, 206

Tonkin incident, 178–180, 187

trade, free, 61, 66–68

Treaty of Fort Wayne, 71

Treaty of Ghent, 86, 87

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 254

Truman, Harry, 15 (fig.), 16, 197, 254, 255 (fig.)

Trumbull, Lyman, 105, 112, 136

Ukraine/Crimea crisis (2014)

aid for, 236–238

alternative response to, 238

Cuban missile crisis compared to, 228–234

Minsk Protocol and, 219–220

Obama’s response to, 218, 231

Putin’s motivations in, 219, 220, 228

Syria crisis link to, 228

United Nations (UN)

Iraq invasion appeal to, 192

on Syrian chemical weapon compliance, 224–225

WMD inspection by, 190–191

United States (US)

aid to Ukraine from, 236–238

democracy compared globally to, 5

GDP from 1929–1945, 145–146, 146 (fig.), 147

global standing in 1880s, 64

Hitler’s threats towards, 159

income per capita from 1700–1870, 56, 56 (fig.)

slavery in, compared globally, 99, 139

trade with France and Britain in 1880s, 67

War of 1812 preparedness of, 74–76, 78, 81–82

See also Constitution, US; military, US; navy, US

Valenti, Jack, 184, 186, 196–197, 198

van der Donck, Adriaen, 49

Vegetius, 234–235

Versailles Treaty, 147, 149

Vietnam War

casualties in, 179 (fig.), 180, 210

financing and costs of, 178, 199, 200–210, 201 (fig.), 205 (fig.), 207 (fig.)

foreign policy analysis of, 183–184

Iraq War compared with, 178–183

JFK’s policy and, 9, 183, 185–186

LBJ’s actions on, 175–176, 178, 181–188, 199

public opinion and support of, 177, 178–180, 179 (fig.), 183, 185

See also Tonkin Gulf Resolution

de Vitoria, Francisco, 49

voting. See Electoral College; presidential races; public opinion and support

Voting Rights Act of 1965, 95, 177

war

alternatives to, 139–140, 235–238

ambition and motivations for, 2–11, 13, 16, 20, 22–23, 42–43, 53, 54–56, 59–63, 69, 70–73, 76, 78, 89–90, 93–96, 103, 107, 114, 117, 121, 130–133, 138, 183–186, 188–189, 218, 233–234, 239–243

with American Indians, 14, 24

casualties and presidential ranking, 14, 15–17, 15 (fig.)

communism as motive for, 9, 183–186

Cuban missile crisis averting, 217, 218, 219

decision making improvements, 241–242

decisions impacting national welfare, 217–218, 240–241

for democracy, 3, 5–6

duration of, 110–111, 250

human costs of, 210–215, 243, 248–251, 253

mythology of, 5–7

neutrality declaration in, 150–151, 152–154

peace through preparation for, 234–235

presidential reelection and, 14, 17, 18, 137, 143, 153–155, 176–177, 182–183, 189, 195–196, 199–200, 208–209, 215–216, 240–241

self-interest in decisions of, 238, 243–254

See also casualties

war, declaration of

Congress’s history of, 14, 73, 74–75

Constitution on, 19

for offense compared to defense, 12–14, 63–64

war authority

Congress and, 11, 12, 13, 19, 64

democracy and, 242–243

Grotius on, 63–64

presidential, 9–10, 11–12, 179, 188, 239

Washington, G., on, 11–12, 63

war financing and costs, 94–95

for Afghanistan campaign, 202, 204–205, 215, 235, 252

Bush, G. W., approach to, 202–210, 205 (fig.), 207 (fig.), 235, 235 (fig.)

CBO for determining, 247–249

independent agencies for estimating, 243, 247–248

for Iraq War, 178, 200–203, 201 (fig.), 235, 247–248, 252

LBJ’s approach to, 202–210, 205 (fig.), 207 (fig.)

national welfare and, 178

negotiation compared to, 254

public support and, 253

for Vietnam War, 178, 199, 200–210, 201 (fig.), 205 (fig.), 207 (fig.)

War Hawks’s schemes of, 85–86, 178, 250

War of 1812 and, 82–86, 91, 178, 202

See also defense spending

War for Independence, American, 15, 34

casualties in, 22

early reluctance for, 26

motivations for, 22–23, 42–43, 54, 55

See also American Revolution

War Hawks

Canada acquisition agenda of, 80–82, 83

leaders of, 60, 73, 90

objectives of, 63, 78, 80, 188–189

war financing schemes of, 85–86, 178, 250

War of 1812 influence of, 69, 73, 74–78, 80–81, 83–84, 85–86, 89–90, 250

War of 1812, 13

American Indians and, 61–62, 68–72, 73, 80, 90, 240