Алистер Смит - The Spoils of War - Greed, Power, and the Conflicts That Made Our Greatest Presidents

4. https://www.dmdc.osd.mil/dcas/pages/report_oif_month.xhtml.

5. Lee Winfrey and Michael D. Schaffer, “Walter Cronkite Dies,” Philadelphia Inquirer , July 17, 2009.

6. Joseph A. Califano, The Triumph & Tragedy of Lyndon Johnson: The White House Years (New York: Touchstone, 2014), Kindle 6902–6907.

7. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/lbj-union67/.

8. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Lyndon B. Johnson, 1968–69, vol. 1 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1970), entry 170, 469–476.

9. Leslie Gelb and Richard Betts, The Irony of Vietnam: The System Worked (Washington DC: Brooking Institution, 1979).

10. Ibid.

11. Jack Valenti, This Time, This Place (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2001). Kindle edition. 3761–3764.

12. Ibid., 3793–3807.

13. Ibid., 3913–3920.

14. http://millercenter.org/president/lbjohnson/speeches/speech-5910.

15. Elizabeth N. Saunders, Leaders at War: How Presidents Shape Military Interventions (Cornell Studies in Security Affairs) (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2011), Kindle 168.

16. Michael R. Beschloss, Taking Charge: The Johnson White House Tapes 1963–64 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997), 370.

17. Valenti, This Time, This Place , Kindle 3662–3667.

18. Joseph A. Califano, The Triumph & Tragedy of Lyndon Johnson: The White House Years (New York: Touchstone, 2014), Kindle appendix A.

19. Lyndon B. Johnson, “The President’s Inaugural Address,” January 20, 1965, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=26985.

20. All speeches available at http://millercenter.org.

21. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Lyndon B. Johnson, 1965, volume 1, Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1966, entry 107, 281–287.

22. Ibid.

23. See, for instance, Robert Caro’s three-volume account Master of the Senate: The Lyndon Johnson Years (New York: Vintage, 2009).

24. http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020129–11.html.

25. Bob Woodward, Plan of Attack (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2004), 249.

26. Ibid., 179; Michael Massing, “Now They Tell Us,” New York Review of Books , February 26, 2004, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2004/feb/26/now-they-tell-us/.

27. Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction, Washington, DC, March 31, 2005. See https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/wmd_report.pdf.

28. http://www.cnn.com/2003/US/02/05/sprj.irq.powell.transcript.09/index.html.

29. http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/03/17/sprj.irq.bush.transcript/.

30. Brent Scowcroft, “Don’t Attack Saddam,” Wall Street Journal , August 14, 2002, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1029371773228069195.

31. Woodward, Plan of Attack , 1–3.

32. Ibid., 26.

33. Ibid., 405–406.

34. Valenti, This Time, This Place , Kindle 548–560.

35. Califano, The Triumph & Tragedy , Kindle 386–387.

36. Robert A. Caro, The Years of Lyndon Johnson: The Passage of Power (New York: Knopf, 2012).

37. Valenti, This Time, This Place , Kindle 680–687.

38. Ibid., 707–726.

39. Lyndon B. Johnson: “Special Message to the Congress on Selective Service,” March 6, 1967, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=28685.

40. Woodward. Plan of Attack , 443.

41. Stephen Daggett, Costs of Major U.S. Wars , Congressional Research Service 7–5700, RS22926, June 29, 2010, available at www.crs.gov.

42. Vanity Fair , April 2008, http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2008/04/stiglitz200804.

43. Califano, The Triumph & Tragedy , Kindle 2418–2422.

44. Daggett, Costs of Major U.S. Wars .

45. Bob Davis, “Bush Economic Aid Saves the Cost of Iraq War May Top $100 Billion,” Wall Street Journal , September 16, 2002, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1032128134218066355.

46. David M. Herszenhorn, “Estimates of Iraq War Costs Were Not Close to Ballpark,” New York Times , March 19, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/19/washington/19cost.html; Bruce Bartlett, “The Cost of War,” Forbes , November 26, 2009, http://www.forbes.com/2009/11/25/shared-sacrifice-war-taxes-opinions-columnists-bruce-bartlett.html.

47. Michael Boyle, “How the US Public Was Defrauded by the Hidden Cost of the Iraq War,” The Guardian , March 11, 2013, http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/mar/11/us-public-defrauded-hidden-cost-iraq-war.

48. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/lbj-union68/.

49. http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/01/print/20020129–11.html.

50. Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, George W. Downs, and Alastair Smith, “A Political Economy of Income Tax Policies,” Political Science Research and Methods , forthcoming.

51. Data from CBO report, “The Distribution of Household Income and Federal Taxes, 2011,” November 2014, www.cbo.gov/publication/49440.

52. PEW studies of income and party identification, especially for 2004; see http://www.people-press.org/2009/05/21/section-1-party-affiliation-and-composition/.

53. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/lbj-union68/.

54. John Mueller, “Presidential Popularity from Truman to Johnson,” American Political Science Review 64, no. 1 (March 1970): 18–34; and John Mueller, War, Presidents, and Public Opinion (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1973).

55. http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2012/10/15/joe_biden_wars_on_a_credit_card_bush_was_right_to_borrow_the_money.html.

56. Scott Sigmund Gartner, Gary M. Segura, and Michael Wilkening, “All Politics Are Local Local: Losses and Individual Attitudes Toward the Vietnam War,” Journal of Conflict Resolution 41, no. 5 (1997): 669–694; Scott Sigmund Gartner and Gary M. Segura, “All Politics Are Still Local: The Iraq War and the 2006 Midterm Elections,” PS: Political Science & Politics 41, no. 1 (2008): 95–100.

57. Andrea Asoni and Tino Sanandaji, “Rich Man’s War, Poor Man’s Fight?: Socioeconomic Representativeness in the Modern Military,” IFN Working Paper No. 965, 2013, http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp965.pdf; Congressional Budget Office, “The All-Volunteer Military: Issues and Performance,” Pub. No. 2960, 2007, https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/ftpdocs/83xx/doc8313/07–19-militaryvol.pdf.

58. Boyle, “How the US Public Was Defrauded.”

59. Immanuel Kant, “Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Essay,” Section 2, trans. M. Campbell Smith (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1917).

60. Benjamin Franklin, The Life and Miscellaneous Writings of Benjamin Franklin (Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2010 [1839]), 69.

61. Lyndon B. Johnson, “Special Message to the Congress on Selective Service,” March 6, 1967, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=28685.

62. Califano, The Triumph & Tragedy , Kindle 4118–4119.

63. Lyndon Johnson. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Lyndon B. Johnson, 1967 , 92, available at https//books.google.com.

64. Daniel E. Bergan, “The Draft Lottery and Attitudes Towards the Vietnam War,” Public Opinion Quarterly 73, no. 2 (2009): 379–384.

65. Woodward, Plan of Attack , 314.

CHAPTER SIX: JOHN KENNEDY AND BARACK OBAMA

1. James Madison, speech to the Constitutional Convention, July 11, 1787, The Writings of James Madison, Comprising his Public Papers and his Private Correspondence, including his numerous letters and documents now for the first time printed , vol. 3, ed. Gaillard Hunt (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1900).