Josh Rogin - Chaos Under Heaven

166 blew themselves up: Ramzy and Buckley, “‘Absolutely No Mercy.’”

166 “ the China Cables”: Bethany Allen-Ebrahimian, “Exposed: China’s Operating Manuals for Mass Internment and Arrest by Algorithm,” International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, November 24, 2019, https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/exposed-chinas-operating-manuals-for-mass-internment-and-arrest-by-algorithm/.

168 called the program: Adam Withnall, “China Sends State Spies to Live in Uighur Muslim Homes and Attend Private Family Weddings and Funerals,” The Independent, November 30, 2018, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/china-uighurs-muslim-xin-jiang-weddings-minority-communist-party-a8661006.html.

169 Indigenous Issues: “Permanent Forum,” United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs: Indigenous Peoples, accessed September 3, 2020, https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/unpfii-sessions-2.html.

170 heated exchange: “17th Meeting, Committee on Non-governmental Organizations—2018 Resumed Session,” United Nations Web TV, May 21, 2018, http://webtv.un.org/watch/17th-meeting-committee-on-non-governmental-organizations-2018-resumed-session/5787832316001/?term=.

170 introduced a resolution: Sophie Richardson, “Is China Winning Its Fight Against Rights at the UN?,” Human Rights Watch, December 12, 2018, https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/12/12/china-winning-its-fight-against-rights-un.

170 Switzerland abstained: “Only US Rejects China’s UN Human Rights Resolution,” March 26, 2018, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/03/rejects-chinas-human-rights-resolution-180326144912907.html.

172 official took over: “Dr. Fang Liu of China Becomes First-Ever Woman Appointed Secretary General of ICAO,” Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization, March 11, 2015, https://www.icao.int/Newsroom/Pages/Dr-Fang-Liu-of-China-becomes-first-ever-woman-appointed-Secretary-General-of-ICAO.aspx.

172 stopped inviting: Reuters, “Sorry, You’re Not Invited: UN Aviation Agency Snubs Taiwan in Sign of Pressure from Beijing,” South China Morning Post, September 23, 2016, https://www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/2021950/sorry-youre-not-invited-un-aviation-agency-snubs-taiwan.

172 hid for months: “UN Aviation Agency ICAO Was ‘Hacked by Chinese Group’ and Tried Conceal It, Report Claims,” South China Morning Post, February 28, 2019, https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/2188034/un-aviation-agency-icao-was-hacked-chinese-group-and.

172 then retaliated: Allison Lambert, “U.S. Withholds U.N. Aviation Dues, Calls for Immediate Whistleblower Protections,” Reuters, October 12, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-aviation-us/u-s-withholds-u-n-aviation-dues-calls-for-immediate-whistleblower-protections-idUSKBN1WH2C1.

173 increased cooperation with Beijing: Kong Wenzheng, “ITU Vows to Join Hands with China,” China Daily, April 24, 2019, http://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201904/24/WS5cbfob1aa3104842260b7f2f.html.

173 telecom giant Huawei: “Huawei Allegations Driven by Politics Not Evidence: U.N. Telecoms Chief,” Reuters, April 5, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-huawei-tech-un-idUSKCN1RH1KN.

173 is pushing: Colum Lynch, “China Enlists U.N. to Promote Its Belt and Road Project,” Foreign Policy, May 10, 2018, https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/05/10/china-enlists-u-n-to-promote-its-belt-and-road-project/.

173 “ big data research institute”: “UN DESA, China to Set Up Big Data Research Institute to Boost Statistical Capacity,” Global Times, June 4, 2019, http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1153151.shtml.

173 secretly sent back: Echo Huang, “A Knife Emoji, Then Silence: The Strange Story of How China Detained the Head of Interpol,” Quartz, October 8, 2018, https://qz.com/1416651/the-strange-story-of-how-china-detained-interpol-head-meng-hongwei/.

174 at the opening session: Michael Igoe, “Will the World Bank Push China’s Belt and Road Initiative in the Right Direction?,” Devex, November 2, 2018, https://www.devex.com/news/sponsored/will-the-world-bank-push-china-s-belt-and-road-initiative-in-the-right-direction-93657.

174 In his speech: Jim Yong Kim, “World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim’s Remarks at the International Forum on China’s Reform and Opening Up and Poverty Reduction,” World Bank, November 1, 2018, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/speech/2018/11/01/world-bank-group-president-jim-yong-kim-remarks-at-the-international-forum-on-chinas-reform-and-opening-up-and-poverty-reduction.

174 Yang Shaolin: “Shaolin Yang,” World Bank, accessed September 28, 2020, https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/s/shaolin-yang.

175 Elliot Wilson wrote: Elliot Wilson, “Jin-Yong Cai: An Activist at the IFC,” Euromoney, September 6, 2013, http://www.euromoney.com/article/b12kjwfn6f6k9p/jin-yong-cai-an-activist-at-the-ifc.

175 amid a scandal: Ian Talley, “World Bank Probes $1 Billion China Loan,” Wall Street Journal, February 3, 2015, https://www.wsj.com/articles/world-bank-probes-1-billion-china-loan-1423012000.

175 the World Bank’s development fund: Kim hired a law firm to investigate the donation, and the firm reported it found no evidence of malfeasance.

175 Global Infrastructure Partners hired: Gillian Tan and Andrew Mayeda, “GIP Hires Ex-TPG, World Bank Executive Jin-Yong Cai,” BloombergQuint, May 2, 2019, https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/gip-is-said-to-hire-ex-tpg-world-bank-executive-jin-yong-cai.

10. COLD WAR REDUX

180 “ The Sources of Soviet Conduct”: X [George F. Kennan], “The Sources of Soviet Conduct,” Foreign Affairs, July 1947, http://slantchev.ucsd.edu/courses/pdf/Kennan%20-%20The%20Sources%20of%20Soviet%20Conduct.pdf.

181 called NSC 68: United States Objectives and Programs for National Security, NSC 68, April 14, 1950, https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/116191.pdf?v=2699956db534c1821edefa61b8c13ffe.

181 and economic means: “NSC-68, 1950,” Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute, accessed September 29, 2020, https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/NSC68.

183 for a public event: “Future Security Forum 2019,” New Ameritca, April 29, 2019, http://newamerica.org/conference/future-security-forum-2019/.

185 doctrine was racist: Paul Musgrave, “The Slip That Revealed the Real Trump Doctrine,” Foreign Policy, May 2, 2019, https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/05/02/the-slip-that-revealed-the-real-trump-doctrine/.

185 out of her depth: Daniel W. Drezner, “Let’s Grade the State Department’s Director of Policy Planning on Her Grand Strategy Musings!,” Washington Post, May 1, 2019, https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/05/02/lets-grade-state-departments-director-policy-planning-her-grand-strategy-musings/.

186 she was fired: Nahal Toosi and Eliana Johnson, “Top State Department Adviser Fired over ‘Abusive’ Management Style,” Politico, August 2, 2019, https://politi.co/2MB2ip6.

186 read a commentary: Sheng Zhong, “‘Clash of Civilizations’ Theory Will Come to No Good End,” Global Times, May 26, 2019, https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1151639.shtml.

186 in his official speech: “Speech at the 18th Shangri-La Dialogue by Gen. Wei Fenghe, State Councilor and Minister of National Defense, PRC,” Ministry of National Defense of the People’s Republic of China, June 2, 2019, http://eng.mod.gov.cn/leadership/2019-06/02/content_4842884.htm.