Chalmers Johnson - MITI and the Japanese miracle

70.

Ekonomisuto

Editorial Board, 1: 5152.

71. See Kakizaki.

72. Ministry of Finance, Tax Bureau, p. 84.

73.

Ekonomisuto

Editorial Board, 1: 2728.

74.

Ibid.

, pp. 2425.

75. Kakizaki, p. 83; Ministry of Finance, Tax Bureau, pp. 8491.

76. MITI,

Nempo

(fiscal 1956), p. 109.

77.

Ibid.

(fiscal 1964), p. 62.

78. Tsuruta Toshimasa, in Kobayashi, 1976, p. 148.

79.

Ekonomisuto

Editorial Board, 1: 3638.

80. On the petrochemical industry, see inter alia, MITI, 1969b, pp. 31724 (basic policy statements);

Ekonomisuto

Editorial Board, 2: 98148 (government-business relationships); and Senba Tsuneyoshi, in History of Industrial Policy Research Institute, 1977a, pp. 100114 (licensing and import of

Page 359

technology). For the dispute over the sale of state property, see Industrial Policy Research Institute, pp. 126, 246; and Arisawa, 1976, p. 244 (where it is argued that the sale of government installations during the 1950's was more important than the famous Meiji sales during the 1880's).

81. Arisawa, 1976, pp. 375, 390.

82. MITI,

Nempo

* (fiscal 1961), p. 112.

83. Kakuma, 1979b, p. 131.

84. For the text of the plan, see

Ekonomisuto

Editorial Board, 1: 17274.

85. Chandler.

86. Otis Cary, ed.,

War-Wasted Asia, Letters, 194546

(Tokyo: Kodansha* International, 1975), p. 193.

Seven

1. For Sahashi's background, see his autobiography,

Ishoku

kanryo

*, 1967; and Sahashi, 1972, pp. 15862.

2. Note that the term

ishoku kanryo

(exceptional bureaucrat) was also applied before the war to Wada Hiroo, the Agriculture Ministry official who was arrested in the Cabinet Planning Board incident and who headed the Economic Stabilization Board during the occupation. See Inaba, 1977, p. 178. For the phrase "samurai among samurai," see Matsubayashi, 1973, p. 138. For

gebaruto kanryo

, see Kusayanagi, May 1969, p. 162. For

kaijin Sachan

, see Kusayanagi, 1974, p. 115. See also Suzuki Yukio, 1969, p. 62.

3. Sahashi, 1967, p. 207.

4. MITI Journalists' Club, Oct. 1963, p. 76.

5.

Ekonomisuto

Editorial Board, 1: 7274; MITI Journalists' Club, 1956, pp. 19094.

6.

Ekonomisuto

Editorial Board, 1: 14243.

7. Sahashi, 1967, p. 215. See also Kakuma, 1979b, pp. 13136.

8. For a photograph of the

Sakura Maru

and a story about it, see "Japan's Floating Fair Finds Success in Europe,"

New York Times

, Aug. 10, 1964. For the loan of the

Sakura

to the United States, see "Japanese Get Chance to Buy U.S. Goods at U.S. Prices,"

Los Angeles Times

, Oct. 30, 1978.

9. See Sahashi, 1967, pp. 191207; and Akimoto, pp. 8082.

10. Interview with Imai,

Ekonomisuto

, Sept. 14, 1976, p. 78.

11.

Ibid.

, p. 79.

12. Komatsu, p. 23.

13. Shiroyama, 1975a, pp. 8687. On the rates of liberalization, see MITI, 1965, pp. 698, 703.

14. Arisawa, 1976, p. 443; MITI Journalists' Club, Oct. 1963, p. 74.

15. Sahashi, 1967, p. 248.

16. See Ota* Shini'chiro* (MITI Secretariat, Planning Office), "Sangyo* kozo* seisaku" (Industrial structure policy), in Isomura, 1972, pp. 31215; MITI, 1969a, p. 11; MITI, 1972, pp. 12831; and MITI,

Nempo

(fiscal 1961), pp. 7576, 10910.

17. Industrial Structure Investigation Council, ed.,

Nihon no

sangyo

*

kozo

*.

18. Akaboshi, pp. 7382; MITI Journalists' Club, Oct. 1963, pp. 7884; MITI Journalists' Club, 1963a, p. 39; and Ito* Daiichi, 1967, pp. 78104.

19. Maeda, 1975, p. 16; Arisawa, 1976, p. 443; and Suzuki Yukio, 1963.

Page 360

20. For various analyses of Japanese "excessive competition," see Abegglen and Rapp; Aliber; Boltho, p. 61; and Hollerman, 1967, p. 162.

21. Takashima Setsuo.