György Spiró - Captivity

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Captivity: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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The epic bestseller and winner of the prestigious Aegon Literary Award in Hungary, Captivity is an enthralling and illuminating historical saga set in the time of Jesus about a Roman Jew on a quest to the Holy Land.
A literary sensation in Hungary, György Spiró’s Captivity is both a highly sophisticated historical novel and a gripping page-turner. Set in the tumultuous first century A.D., between the year of Christ’s death and the outbreak of the Jewish War, Captivity recounts the adventures of the feeble-bodied, bookish Uri, a young Roman Jew.
Frustrated with his hapless son, Uri’s father sends the young man to the Holy Land to regain the family’s prestige. In Jerusalem, Uri is imprisoned by Herod and meets two thieves and (perhaps) Jesus before their crucifixion. Later, in cosmopolitan Alexandria, he undergoes a scholarly and sexual awakening — but must also escape a pogrom. Returning to Rome at last, he finds an entirely unexpected inheritance.
Equal parts Homeric epic, brilliantly researched Jewish history, and picaresque adventure, Captivity is a dramatic tale of family, fate, and fortitude. In its weak-yet-valiant hero, fans will be reminded of Robert Graves’ classics of Ancient Rome, I, Claudius and Claudius the God.
"With the novel Captivity, Spiró proved that he is well-versed in both historical and human knowledge. It appears that in our times, it is playfulness that is expected of literary works, rather than the portrayal of realistic questions and conflicts. As if the two, playfulness and seriousness were inconsistent with each other! On the contrary (at least for me) playfulness begins with seriousness. Literature is a serious game. So is Spiró’s novel.?"
— Imre Kertész, Nobel Prize — winning author of Fatelessness
"Like the authors of so many great novels, György Spiró sends his hero, Uri, out into the wide world. Uri is a Roman Jew born into a poor family, and the wide world is an overripe civilization — the Roman Empire. Captivity can be read as an adventure novel, a Bildungsroman, a richly detailed portrait of an era, and a historico-philosophical parable. The long series of adventures — in which it is only a tiny episode that Uri is imprisoned together with Jesus and the two thieves — at once suggest the vanity of human endeavors and a passion for life. A masterpiece."
— László Márton
“[Captivity is] an important work by yet another representative of Hungarian letters who has all the chances to become a household name among the readers of literature in translation, just like Nadas, Esterhazy and Krasznahorkai.… Meticulously researched.… The novel has been a tremendous success in Hungary, having gone through more than a dozen editions. The critics lauded its page-turning quality along with the wealth of ideas and the ambitious recreation of historical detail.”
— The Untranslated
“A novel of education and a novel of adventure that brings to life ancient Rome, Alexandria and Jerusalem with a vividness of detail that is stunning. Spiró’s prose is crisp and colloquial, the kind of prose that aims for precision rather than literary thrills. A serious and sophisticated novel that is also engrossing and highly readable is a rare thing. Captivity is such a novel.”
— Ivan Sanders, Columbia University
“György Spiró aspired at nothing less than (…) present a theory in novelistic form about the interweavedness of religion and politics, lay bare the inner workings of power and give an insight into the art of survival….This book is an incredible page turner, it reads easily and avidly like the greatest bestsellers while also going as deep as the greatest thinkers of European philosophy.”
— Aegon Literary Award 2006 jury recommendation
“What this sensational novel outlines is the demonic nature of History. Ethically as well as historically, this an especially grand-scale parable. Captivity gets its feet under any literary table you care to mention."
— István Margócsy, Élet és Irodalom
“This book is a major landmark for the year.”
— Pál Závada, Népszabadság
“It would not be surprising if literary historians were soon calling him the re-assessor and regenerator of the post-modern novel.”
— Gergely Mézes, Magyar Hírlap
“Impossibly engrossing from the very first page….Building on a huge volume of reference material, the novel rings true from both a historical and a literary point of view.”
— Magda Ferch, Magyar Nemzet

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Tears were by now flooding Kainis’s face.

Uri never again went back to Claudius’s house, and from then on he also avoided the small room in Agrippa’s house.

In Agrippa’s house he worked on a rough draft for Philo of a work about Caligula’s transgressions. Philo included many other details, including passages that disparaged Isidoros and Lampo as due warning to Claudius for rewarding, and retaining in his entourage, the Greeks who had betrayed Caligula. Uri also drafted a plan for Claudius’s decree restoring to the Jews of Alexandria all rights that had previously been recognized by Augustus and Tiberius. Philo also added to the fair copy a clause that stated, henceforth, that Jews and Greeks carried equal right of citizenship, but Claudius without comment had this deleted before the proclamation. Even so it was a major achievement, which left Philo beaming and planning further projects.

In Far Side Uri was no longer pestered or called on to spy on his benefactors; it was tacitly understood that their hands would always slip off him, as they would trying to hold a wrestler who had prepared by oiling himself (which was precisely why the practice of oiling was forbidden at the Gymnasium in Alexandria). The big items had been decided: Claudius, Agrippa’s childhood friend, had become emperor, Philo had covered the interest payments on Uri’s loan one year in advance, and it would not do to touch one of Agrippa’s confidants.

All the same, Uri was fearful. Philo’s energies did not seem to be diminishing, but his coughing worsened and he had a fever. It may have been malaria, which virtually every stranger to Rome acquired, or maybe something else. If he were to die, there would no longer be anybody supporting Uri, and the elders of Far Side would take their revenge. Not that he had ever done them any harm, but he had found himself close to the center of power, and they would not forgive him for that. It was assumed that he had influence on the emperor, and they believed his connection with Agrippa had remained intact — that was enough for them to make his life impossible.

It was high time to break out of Far Side.

One thing that came to mind was to become a teacher at the Gymnasium in Rome: they paid well, so he would no longer be dependent on Jews. If Apollos could make it as a teacher of rhetoric in Corinth, then perhaps he could find something similar in Rome. He mentioned it to Philo, who was delighted.

“It’s a great idea, dear son! You’ll be able to carry on my work!”

Uri had no wish to persuade the youth of Rome that the Jewish faith was an ancestor and more perfect version of their own; all he wanted was a livelihood. Still, Philo’s delight made him consider the possibility; it seemed he might still feel some twinge of conscience on account of him.

Philo suggested that he look up Isidoros.

Isidoros shook his head.

“I can’t intervene on your behalf,” he said. “Even as it is I’m accused of being a Jewish stooge. Let the Jews help; there are enough of them.”

After numerous tries, Uri managed to get an interview with the director of the Gymnasium. He was a bearded, bristle-haired, burly Greek, a third-rate commentator on Homer, more doltish than even Apion, but then again he always managed to beg, borrow, and steal the money needed for the school’s upkeep and thus enjoyed universal esteem. After a brief introduction he returned to studying a scroll, barely glancing at Uri. Uri outlined the purpose of his visit and held out the prospect that if the director wished he could obtain testimonials to his studies on Alexandria, which would take a couple of months to reach Rome.

“That won’t be necessary,” the director said affably.

Uri also proposed that initially, if need be, he would be willing to offer his teaching services without salary, in the hope of obtaining a future job.

“I have no wish for that sort of thing from anybody,” said the director even more affably.

Uri fell silent.

“Things are not yet so bad,” the director said, lifting his eyes from the scroll, “that we should have a Jew teaching Greek rhetoric in Rome.”

“It happens in Corinth,” said Uri, trying his best to swallow the insult.

“Then they must be in a bad way.”

Uri paid his respects and left.

Philo did not ask how Uri had done, and he did not say.

Claudius gave an amnesty to all prisoners except for common thieves, reviewing each case personally. He went on to administer justice every day in the Forum, either with the entire Senate or alone, with counselors sitting by; the public was happy to wander by and gawk. Quaestors and praetors accompanied the new emperor whenever the business concerned an investigation of financial affairs, and for doing that he was praised by the people. He had the poisons that he had found in Caligula’s effects destroyed, as well as the books of Protogenes, and the freedman was also disposed of to the great relief of many. Claudius’s grandmother Livia was deified, and a statue of her was placed in the temple of Augustus; sculptors could again be envied, while in the text of any vow they took women were compelled to mention her too.

Equestrian games were held on Claudius’s birthday, August 1, but, because the temple of Mars had been dedicated officially on the same day, the event also marked that anniversary. Claudius objected to being worshiped and prayed to, making efforts to get the number of statues and images in shrines cut down because nowadays there was barely any room for the living, and also abolished many feast days and holidays because so few days were left for work. He was praised for that too, by people who did not work anyway.

Hagar became pregnant again.

That summer Far Side burst into activity: the Alexandrian refugees, who had multiplied in the meantime, thronged onto synagogue pulpits to lash out at the Jewish elders of Rome, cursing them bitterly for being unwilling to get the emperor to back the return to the goods that the Greek rabble had stolen from them, or at least to seek monetary compensation. In the synagogues, with the permission of the archisynagogos, anyone who wished was allowed to speak, and no archisynagogos dared risk provoking a brawl by objecting. Even as it was, a brawl would break out each and every time the indigenous Roman faithful tired of the newcomers’ complaints and those would end with the Alexandrian preachers being hauled off the pulpit. In the beginning the quarrels were limited to specific houses of prayer as the elders made an effort to distribute the refugees evenly among all the synagogues, regardless of their place of residence (though the refugees generally lacked that in any case), but as time went by refugees assembled in Far Side’s larger spaces to make their demands. The younger hotheads among them pelted the larger houses with stones, while desperate womenfolk lay down in the entrances to houses of the rich, refusing to move out of the way. The elders made some effort to restore order, but as they had no Jewish police force at their disposal they would call out the night watch, who turned out to be just as reluctant to keep the peace as as they were to put out fires, and the situation became so acrimonious that the magistracy sent over officials from Rome proper, but they got nowhere either, as few of them knew even a word of Greek.

Anyone able to do so locked himself in. Uri was not able to do that since he had only a curtain hanging in front of his door. On more than one occasion he returned home to find the house occupied by beggars, indeed whole bands would force their way in, young and old alike displaying their gangrenous legs and ulcerated bellies. Theo would stare with a startled look, Sarah and Hagar scream, Hermia hide away in her recess, while Uri would try to speak to them in a decent tone but to no avail. There was little of any value in the house, but even so any articles that could be carried away were taken, and anything immovable was damaged. The refugees were unaware that Uri had survived the Bane in Delta, and Uri did not bother to mention it, as words seemed to have no effect on them.

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