Alan Moorehead - Gallipoli

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A century has now gone by, yet the Gallipoli campaign of 1915-16 is still infamous as arguably the most ill conceived, badly led and pointless campaign of the entire First World War. The brainchild of Winston Churchill, then First Lord of the Admiralty, following Turkey’s entry into the war on the German side, its ultimate objective was to capture the Gallipoli peninsula in western Turkey, thus allowing the Allies to take control of the eastern Mediterranean and increase pressure on the Central Powers to drain manpower from the vital Western Front.

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Hammersley, Major-General,

Hampshire ,

Hankey, Colonel (Lord Hankey),

Harding, Field-Marshal Sir John,

Hellespont,

Henri IV ,

Herbert, Alan,

Herbert, Aubrey,

Hersing, Lt.-Commander Otto,

Hill, Brig.-General,

Hill Q,

Hill,

Hill Ten,

Holbrooke, Lt. Norman,

Horne, General,

Hostages, sent to Gallipoli,

Hunter-Weston, General,

Imbros,

Inflexible , H.M.S.,

Ismail Oglu Tepe,

Ismid, Gulf of,

Irresistible , H.M.S.,

Jackson, Sir Henry,

Jed , H.M.S.,

Jellicoe, Admiral,

Joffre, General,

Jonquil , H.M.S.,

Kannengiesser, Colonel,

Kemal, Mustafa, comparison with Enver; early life and career; anti-German; attaché at Sofia; posted to Rodosto; commands division; reactions to April 25 landing; truce; row with Enver; his diary; prophecy of Suvla landing; one error; given command of Suvla battle; charge at Chunuk Bair; made Pasha; escaped death; ill and evacuated from peninsula; acclaimed ‘Saviour of Gallipoli’; said to have saved break-through at Gallipoli,

Kephez Point,

Keyes, Lt.-Commander Adrian,

Keyes, Roger, organizes minesweepers; attempts to salvage Irresistible ; attitude on March; presses for naval attack; proposes new naval attack; tries to hurry Suvla landing; puts forward plan for new naval attack in October; versus Monro; command of Dover patrol; in 1925 steams through Dardanelles; serves as Director Combined Operations; 1945 dies,

Kilid Bahr,

Kiretch Tepe,

Kitchener, Lord, project for Greek landing on Gallipoli; plan to aid Russians; prestige in 1914 of; agrees to send troops to Gallipoli; appoints Hamilton; attitude to reinforcements; argument with Fisher; disappointment over Gallipoli; agrees to reinforce Gallipoli; replaces Stopford; agrees to support Joffre; raises question evacuation; dismisses Hamilton; supports Keyes’ naval plan; goes to Gallipoli; prestige sinking; cannot decide on evacuation; recommends evacuation; and leaves for London; prophesies no casualties in evacuation; drowned; efforts to displace him; reputation saved by his death,

Koe, Colonel,

Koja Chemen Tepe,

Krini ,

Krithia,

Kum Kale,

Lala Baba,

Lancashire Landing,

Law, Bonar,

Lawson, Sir Harry,

Leander,

Lemnos,

Lloyd George,

Lone Pine,

Lord Nelson , H.M.S.,

Lossow, Col. von,

Lusitania , S.S.,

Lynden-Bell, Major-General,

Mackenzie, Compton,

MacMahon, Sir Henry,

Mahon, General,

Majestic , H.M.S.,

Maidos,

Mallet, Sir Louis,

Malone, Lt.-Col.,

Malta,

Mal Tepe,

Marmara, Sea of,

Masefield, John,

Matthews, Colonel,

Maude, General,

Maxwell, Sir John,

Mesopotamia,

Millington, Major Tasman,

Milner, Lord,

Minneapolis , S.S.,

Monash, Brig.-General John,

Monro, General Sir Charles, supersedes Hamilton; character; goes to Gallipoli; visits bridgeheads; recommends evacuation; appointed to Salonika; resists Keyes on issue of evacuation; quoted by Lord Milner; appointed to command in France; decorated; C.-in-C. India; congratulated by Royal Commission; dies,

Moore, Sir John,

Morgenthau, Henry,

Morto Bay,

Mount Athos,

Mudros,

Murdoch, Keith,

Murray, General Archibald,

Murray, Sir James Wolfe,

Mytilene,

Nagara ,

Napier, Brig.-General,

Nasmith, Lieut.-Commander (Admiral Nasmith), V.C.,

Nevinson, Henry,

Nibrunesi Point,

Nicholson, Admiral,

Nicolson, Sir Harold,

Northcliffe, Lord,

Ocean , H.M.S.,

Oliver, Admiral,

Orkanie Mound,

Ottoman Empire,

Overton, Major,

Paris, Commander,

Phaeton , H.M.S.,

Phillimore, Captain,

Pola,

Pollard, Private,

Pollen, Lt.-Colonel,

Potrih, Lt.-Colonel,

Post,

Prince George , H.M.S.,

Queen Elizabeth , H.M.S.,

Quinn’s Post,

Rageot, Captain,

Raglan , H.M.S.,

Rawlinson, Sir Henry,

Raymond, Ernest,

Reed, Brig.-General,

Rhododendron Spur,

River Clyde , S.S.,

Robeck, Admiral de, wants to continue February 19 attack; leads February 25 attack; given command of Mediterranean Fleet; handling of March 18 attack; fears dismissal; urged to press on; conference with Hamilton; decides new landing impossible without army; character; photographed with Hamilton; dislikes asking for reinforcements; likes Hamilton’s plan; orders attack; joins discussion on withdrawal from Anzac; reports army in difficulties; consents to new naval attack; forbidden to attack; fêtes Boyle; transfers to Lord Nelson ; then to Triad ; orders retirement; sends Majestic to Helles; reaction to success of submarines; goes to Suvla in Chatham ; urges Hamilton to come to Suvla; opposes new idea of naval assault; farewell to Hamilton; superseded by Wemyss; goes to England; advises Admiralty against Keyes’ plan; resumes control of Fleet; gives evidence before Royal Commission; dies,

Royal Commission on Dardanelles,

Rumania,

Russia, traditional enemy of Turkey; exports through Bosphorus; fear of German-Turkish alliance; proposed alliance with Turkey; trade blocked; asks Allied help against Turks; Enver plans to invade; fear of Greeks; agreement with Britain and France; Armenians in; bombards Bosphorus; weakens; in danger of signing separate peace; employs Enver; contact with Europe lost,

Sahinsirt,

Salonika,

Samson, Air Commodore,

Sanders, Liman von, character; criticizes Enver; confers with Talaat; thinks Allied landing in March could have succeeded; appointed to command forces at Dardanelles; relations with Enver; his plans for defence of Gallipoli; Allies’ plans to deceive him; reaction to news of April 25 landing; fails to see importance of Sari Bair; reacts to Hamilton’s plan; reorganizes his troops; says he planned attack on Anzac; letter to Hamilton asking for truce; comments on success of British submarines; criticizes inactivity of German Navy; mentions jealousy among Turks; warned of Suvla landing; deploys his troops in July; staves off dismissal; takes troops from Willmer; Suvla landing catches him off guard; Willmer begs him to hasten reinforcements; handling of Suvla battle; gives command to Kemal; booty at Anzac and Suvla; plans attack; turns on Cape Helles; attacks Helles; convinced British staying at Helles; booty at Helles; witness at trial of Telririam; last years and death; admits possibility defeat,

Sari Bair,

Sarikamish,

Saros, Gulf of,

Sarrail, General,

Sazlidere,

Scimitar Hill,

Sedd-el-Bahr,

Senoussi,

Serbia,

Shevket, Mahmad,

Skyros,

Slim, Field-Marshal Sir William,

Stamboul ,

Stoker, Lt.-Commander,

Stopford, Lt.-Gen. Hon. Sir Frederick, appointed to command Suvla landing; career; likes Suvla plan; objections to plan; comments on by Mackenzie; leaves for invasion; sleeps on board Jonquil ; takes no action; interview with Hamilton; reaction to defeat at Tekke Tepe; replaced by Byng; criticizes Hamilton and G.H.Q.; comments by Royal Commission on; dies,

Submarines, description E-class of; objectives; exploits of E , of E ; underwater net; numbers engaged and successes,

Suffren ,

Suvla Bay, landing planned; August 6 landing,

Swiftsure , H.M.S.,

Swing, Raymond Gram,

Talaat, dinner with Harold Nicolson; early life and personality; agrees to German alliance; prepares flee; on Armenians; flees to Germany; meets Herbert; assassinated,

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