Tony Waters - Process Gas Chromatographs

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TONY WATERS

This edition first published 2020

© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of experimental reagents, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each chemical, piece of equipment, reagent, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Waters, Tony, author.

Title: Process gas chromatographs : fundamentals, design and implementation

/ by Tony Waters.

Description: Hoboken, NJ, USA : Wiley, 2020. | Includes index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2020001270 (print) | LCCN 2020001271 (ebook) | ISBN

9781119633044 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119633006 (adobe pdf) | ISBN

9781119633013 (epub)

Subjects: LCSH: Gas chromatography–Equipment and supplies.

Classification: LCC QD79.C45 W38 2020 (print) | LCC QD79.C45 (ebook) |

DDC 543/.850284–dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020001270

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020001271

Cover Design: Wiley

Cover Image: Process Gas Chromatographs at the INEOS Olefin Plant in Cologne, Germany. Photo © INEOS in Cologne, 2019.

To Marilyn

Process Gas Chromatographs installed in a prefabricated air‐conditioned analyzer shelter for an ethylene plant in Texas . Image © Yokogawa Corporation of America, 2018. Reproduced with permission.

Welcome to the world of Process Gas Chromatography!

This book focuses on the Process Gas Chromatograph(PGC). There are dozens of fine books on the science of gas chromatography but few on the technology of the process instrument. I found only two previous books dedicated to online gas chromatographs (Huskins 1977; Annino and Villalobos 1992).

Process gas chromatographs are complex instruments, and the people that design and operate them need special knowledge and unique skills. With that in mind, I designed the book to serve the needs of the journeyman analyzer technician, the process instrument engineer, and the process analyzer specialist.

PGC is a practical technology, and this is a practical book. It's an effective classroom training manual for those currently learning the art and a handy reference manual for those already practicing it.

Chapters are deliberately compact, suitable for a weekly reading program or as focused lessons in an educational course. Each chapter ends with a summary of knowledge gained and a self‐assessment quiz with answers provided. In addition, there are nine optional test questions for students; three easy, three moderate, and three challenging.

Why is such a book necessary?

Anyone working in the fluid processing industries knows that their knowledge base is in full flight. Due to staffing reductions and mass retirements our industry is losing decades of hard‐won experience.

Walter Jennings and Colin Poole recently expressed this situation rather well (Jennings and Poole 2012, 72):

This [automation of gas chromatographs] has led to a continuing decline in the expertise of the average practicing chromatographer from the mid‐1980s to the present time. This can be perilous, because everything from column selection to trouble‐shooting skills is based on a fundamental knowledge of chromatographic principles, the absence of which degrades the quality and usefulness of the information acquired by these instruments. To address these problems requires a massive educational effort before the knowledge is lost and the usefulness of gas chromatography to decision makers is called into question .

There can be no clearer call to justify this book. While the authors were writing to laboratory chemists, those working on process gas chromatographs also need a fundamental knowledge of chromatographic principles presented in a way that facilitates a massive educational effort . This textbook sets out to satisfy those needs. It's primarily written for process analyzer engineers and technicians but should be helpful to anyone using or maintaining a process gas chromatograph.